Hydrothermal metamorphism involves chemical reactions between oceanic lithosphere and warm fluids near mid-ocean ridges
Hydrothermal metamorphism is most common along mid-ocean ridge spreading centers, where warm seawater percolates through hot, cracked basalt. Metamorphism of basalt occurs as a result of chemical interactions between hot saltwater and basalt. On continents, crustal rocks can be metamorphosed by invading, hot fluids associated with igneous intrusions, resulting in hydrothermal metamorphism.
The interaction of a rock with a high-temperature fluid of changing composition results in hydrothermal metamorphism. The compositional mismatch between an existing rock and the entering fluid causes a series of metamorphic and metasomatic processes.
Hydrothermal metamorphism changes Mg-Fe-rich hydrous minerals like talc, chlorite, serpentine, actinolite, tremolite, zeolites, and clay minerals. Hydrothermal metamorphism is frequently responsible for the formation of rich ore deposits.
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