Answer:
According to the travellers, Alpha Centauri is <em>c) very slightly less than 4 light-years</em>
<em></em>
Explanation:
For a stationary observer, Alpha Centauri is 4 light-years away but for an observer who is travelling close to the speed of light, Alpha Centauri is <em>very slightly less than 4 light-years. </em>The following expression explains why:
v = d / t
where
- v is the speed of the spaceship
- d is the distance
- t is the time
Therefore,
d = v × t
d = (0.999 c)(4 light-years)
d = 3.996 light-years
This distance is<em> very slightly less than 4 light-years. </em>
<span>Recall formula for Kinetic energy is:
KE = 1/2mv^2, where KE = 275J
and momentum (which is 25.0 kg m/s) = m*v
Therefore substitute for KE and mv in the equation above to get speed
=> 275 = 0.5 * 25 * v
v = 275/12.5
v = 22m/s
to get mass m, recall momentum = m*v
=> 25= 22*m
m= 25/22 = 1.3663kg</span>
Answer:
Probability of tunneling is 
Solution:
As per the question:
Velocity of the tennis ball, v = 120 mph = 54 m/s
Mass of the tennis ball, m = 100 g = 0.1 kg
Thickness of the tennis ball, t = 2.0 mm = 
Max velocity of the tennis ball,
= 89 m/s
Now,
The maximum kinetic energy of the tennis ball is given by:

Kinetic energy of the tennis ball, KE' = 
Now, the distance the ball can penetrate to is given by:


Thus



Now,
We can calculate the tunneling probability as:



Taking log on both the sides:


The atmosphere absorbs most of the solar RADIATION in the atmosphere, but not all which is how we still get sun burns. :)