The simplest answer would be "acceleration due to gravity."
The exact value of this acceleration changes depending on which planet your on (for example).
The force is zero force
Inertia keeps objects traveling in a straight line until some net non zero force causes it to change course and/or speed
In mathematics, patterns are expressed as equations that will help us determine projections. When you're doing experiments, you describe the relationship between two parameters by an equation. You do this by using your results. However, when you have an equation, you can use this to determine the value of one parameter with any random number of the other parameter.
In Newton's cannonball experiment, if the velocity is equal to the orbital velocity then the cannonball will stay in Orbit.
Newtons cannonball experiment stated that the distance that a cannonball will travel, before being drawn into the Earth by the forces of gravity, is dependent on the initial velocity.
Therefore, if the cannonball is launched at a velocity that matches the orbital velocity, then it will not be able to be drawn in by gravity due to the Earth moving away from the cannonball at the same speed at which the cannonball itself is falling.
This means that the cannonball will continue to fall without reaching the Earth, therefore staying in orbit, much like that of the moon or planets around the sun.
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