Ice is less dense than water. Hydrogen bonding makes water more dense than when it is in the form of ice!
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The phase diagram of CO2 has a melting curve that slopes up and to the right, in contrast to the phase diagram of water, which has a more conventional shape. It is impossible for liquid CO2 to exist at pressures lower than 5.11 atm because the triple point is 5.11 atm and 56.6 °C.
Due to the fact that ice is less thick than liquid water, the phase diagram of water has an odd melting point that drops with pressure. Carbon dioxide cannot exist as a liquid at atmospheric pressure, according to the phase diagram of the gas. Thus, gaseous carbon dioxide directly sublimes from solid carbon dioxide.
Learn more about solid carbon dioxide.
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Answer: beta, gamma, alpha
Explanation: Beta is weakest gamma is middle alpha is strongest
3 Chlorine ions are required to bond with one aluminum ion.
In ionic bonds, metals atoms loses all its outermost shell electrons to form a cation. While, non metal atoms gains however many electrons in order to make its outermost electron shell be 8 (or 2 if there's only one shell).
Therefore, form the periodic table, we can see that aluminum has a atomic number of 13, which makes its electron arrangement be 2,8,3. So, in order to form a aluminum ion, an Al atom must lose 3 electrons. On the other hand, Chlorine has a atomic number of 17, which means it has the electron configuration of 2,8,7. It has to gain only 1 electron to have 8 outermost shell electron.
Thereofre, 3 Chlorine atom are required to gain all 3 electrons given out by just 1 aluminum ion.
