Answer:
<h3>1)</h3>
Structure One:
Structure Two:
Structure Three:
Structure Number Two would likely be the most stable structure.
<h3>2)</h3>
- All five C atoms: 0
- All six H atoms to C: 0
- N atom: +1.
The N atom is the one that is "likely" to be attracted to an anion. See explanation.
Explanation:
When calculating the formal charge for an atom, the assumption is that electrons in a chemical bond are shared equally between the two bonding atoms. The formula for the formal charge of an atom can be written as:
.
For example, for the N atom in structure one of the first question,
- N is in IUPAC group 15. There are 15 - 10 = 5 valence electrons on N.
- This N atom is connected to only 1 chemical bond.
- There are three pairs, or 6 electrons that aren't in a chemical bond.
The formal charge of this N atom will be
.
Apply this rule to the other atoms. Note that a double bond counts as two bonds while a triple bond counts as three.
<h3>1)</h3>
Structure One:
Structure Two:
Structure Three:
In general, the formal charge on all atoms in a molecule or an ion shall be as close to zero as possible. That rules out Structure number one.
Additionally, if there is a negative charge on one of the atoms, that atom shall preferably be the most electronegative one in the entire molecule. O is more electronegative than N. Structure two will likely be favored over structure three.
<h3>2)</h3>
Similarly,
- All five C atoms: 0
- All six H atoms to C: 0
- N atom: +1.
Assuming that electrons in a chemical bond are shared equally (which is likely not the case,) the nitrogen atom in this molecule will carry a positive charge. By that assumption, it would attract an anion.
Note that in reality this assumption seldom holds. In this ion, the N-H bond is highly polarized such that the partial positive charge is mostly located on the H atom bonded to the N atom. This example shows how the formal charge assumption might give misleading information. However, for the sake of this particular problem, the N atom is the one that is "likely" to be attracted to an anion.
Answer:
70.0°C
Explanation:
We are given;
- Amount of heat generated by propane as 104.6 kJ or 104600 Joules
- Mass of water is 500 g
- Initial temperature as 20.0 ° C
We are required to determine the final temperature of water;
Taking the initial temperature is x°C
We know that the specific heat of water is 4.18 J/g°C
Quantity of heat = Mass × specific heat × change in temperature
In this case;
Change in temp =(x-20)° C
Therefore;
104600 J = 500 g × 4.18 J/g°C × (x-20)
104600 J = 2090x -41800
146400 = 2090 x
x = 70.0479
=70.0 °C
Thus, the final temperature of water is 70.0°C
Answer:
heat flow
Explanation:
heat flow moves to a higher temperature to a lower temperature
Multiply the volume and density together. Multiply your two numbers together, and you'll know the mass of your object. Keep track of the units as you do this, and you'll see that you end up with units of mass (kilograms or grams). Example: We have a diamond with volume 5,000 cm3 and density 3.52 g/cm3
Answer:
Rate = k . [B]² . [C]
Explanation:
The dependence of the reaction rate on the concentration of the reactants is given by the reaction order of each one, as shown in the rate equation.
![Rate=k.[A]^{x} .[B]^{y} .[C]^{z}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Rate%3Dk.%5BA%5D%5E%7Bx%7D%20.%5BB%5D%5E%7By%7D%20.%5BC%5D%5E%7Bz%7D)
where,
k is the rate constant
x, y, z are the reaction orders.
- <em>The rate of reaction is not affected by changing the concentration of species A.</em> This means that the reaction order for A is x = 0 since when its concentration changes, the rate stays the same.
- <em>Leaving all other factors identical, doubling the concentration of species B increases the rate by a factor of 4.</em> This means that the reaction order for B is y = 2, so when the concentration is doubled, the new rate is 2² = 4 times the initial rate.
- The rate of the reaction is linearly dependent on the concentration of C. This means that the reaction order for C is z = 1, that is, a linear dependence.
All in all, the rate equation is:
Rate = k . [B]² . [C]