Snell's law: n1Sinα=n2Sin β where α=Incidence angle, β=angle of refraction, n1 and n2 are the indices of refraction for water and air respectively.
Therefore,
Sinα=n2/n1 Sinβ For refracted ray to be along the surface of water, β=90° and thus Sinβ = 1
Sinα=n2/n1= 1/1.33 = 0.7519 => α=sin^-1 (0.7519) = 48.75°
When light moves from a medium of higher index of refraction (such as water) to medium of lesser index of refraction (such as air), the refracted ray is bend such that α is bigger than β. This is internal refraction. At some value of α, β approaches 90°. This incidence angle is called critical incidence angle. Therefore, the current scenario is shows critical angle of incidence.
Answer:
a) For P: 
For Q: 
b) For P:

for Q:

c) As the distance from the axis increases then speed increases too.
Explanation:
a) Assuming constant angular acceleration we can find the angular speed of the wheel dividing the angular displacement θ between time of rotation:

One rotation is 360 degrees or 2π radians, so θ=2π

Angular acceleration is at every point on the wheel, but speed (tangential speed) is different and depends on the position (R) respect the rotation axis, the equation that relates angular speed and speed is:

for P:

for Q:

b) Centripetal acceleration is:

for P:

for Q:

c) As seen on a) speed and distance from axis is
because ω is constant the if R increases then v increases too.
Answer:

Explanation:
The energy difference between the energy levels involved in the transition of the electron is directly proportional to the frequency of the emitted photon:

Where h is the Planck constant. The photon's frequency is inversely proportional to its wavelegth:

Here c is the speed of light. Replacing (2) in (1):

Answer
The rate at which the magnetic field is changing is
Explanation
From the question we are told that
The electric field strength is 
The radius is 
The rate of change of the magnetic field is mathematically represented as

Where
is change of a unit length

Where A is the area which is mathematically represented as

So
where L is the circumference of the circle which is mathematically represented as

So
![E (2 \pi r ) = (\pi r^2 ) [\frac{dB}{dt} ]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=E%20%282%20%5Cpi%20r%20%29%20%3D%20%20%28%5Cpi%20r%5E2%20%29%20%5B%5Cfrac%7BdB%7D%7Bdt%7D%20%5D)
![E = \frac{r}{2} [\frac{dB}{dt} ]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=E%20%20%3D%20%20%20%5Cfrac%7Br%7D%7B2%7D%20%20%5B%5Cfrac%7BdB%7D%7Bdt%7D%20%5D)
![[\frac{dB}{dt} ] = \frac{E}{ \frac{r}{2} }](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5B%5Cfrac%7BdB%7D%7Bdt%7D%20%5D%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7BE%7D%7B%20%5Cfrac%7Br%7D%7B2%7D%20%7D)
substituting values
![[\frac{dB}{dt} ] = \frac{3.5 *10^{-3}}{ \frac{15}{2} }](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5B%5Cfrac%7BdB%7D%7Bdt%7D%20%5D%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B3.5%20%2A10%5E%7B-3%7D%7D%7B%20%5Cfrac%7B15%7D%7B2%7D%20%7D)