The properties of elements are determined by their group/family. Usually, its the area they are located on the periodic table. The valence electrons also determine reactivity, etc.
I need context but here’s the definition from my notes: a substance that can react with acids and neutralize them
A adult pushing a car and a child pushing a car. Are two unbalanced forces
Ca=40
C=12
O=16
1 mole of CaCO3 has 100 grams
So 50 grams is 0.5 mole