Answer:
- Nitrogen has four pairs of electrons: 3 bonds and 1 lone pair in the valence shell;
- Electrons repel one another based on the VSEPR theory;
- Nitrogen has a total of 7 protons (its atomic number is 7) in its nucleus.
Explanation:
The shape and the bond orientation of molecules and ions are both explained by the valences shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR).
Ammonia, 
, is a molecule which contains three N-H bonds, as well as one lone pair on nitrogen. According to the VSEPR theory, molecules try to acquire a shape which would minimize the repulsion exhibited by the electron clouds present, that is, between the bonding (shared in a bond) and non-bonding (lone pair) electrons.
In VSEPR, our main step is to calculate the steric number, this is the sum of the number of bonds (ignoring the multiplicity of any bond) and the lone pairs on a central atom. In ammonia, we have 3 bonds and 1 lone pair, totaling to a steric number of 4. A steric number of 4 without any lone pairs on a central atom and just bonds would yield a tetrahedral shape with bond angles of 
.
Now, in this case, since we have a lone pair instead of a bond, it is repelling stronger decreasing the bond angles to about 
.
The greater the number of lone pairs, the lower the angle becomes.
To summarize:
- Nitrogen has four pairs of electrons: 3 bonds and 1 lone pair in the valence shell;
- Electrons repel one another based on the VSEPR theory;
- Nitrogen has a total of 7 protons (its atomic number is 7) in its nucleus.
Answer:
94.325 g
Explanation:
We'll begin by converting 350 mL to L. This can be obtained as follow:
1000 mL = 1 L
Therefore,
350 mL = 350 mL × 1 L /1000 mL
350 mL = 0.35 L
Next, we shall determine the number of mole of KC₂H₃O₂ in the solution. This can be obtained as follow:
Volume = 0.35 L
Molarity of KC₂H₃O₂ = 2.75 M
Mole of KC₂H₃O₂ =?
Molarity = mole /Volume
2.75 = Mole of KC₂H₃O₂ / 0.35
Cross multiply
Mole of KC₂H₃O₂ = 2.75 × 0.35
Mole of KC₂H₃O₂ = 0.9625 mole
Finally, we shall determine the mass of KC₂H₃O₂ needed to prepare the solution. This can be obtained as illustrated below:
Mole of KC₂H₃O₂ = 0.9625 mole
Molar mass of KC₂H₃O₂ = 39 + (12×2) +(3×1) + (16×2)
= 39 + 24 + 3 + 32
= 98 g/mol
Mass of KC₂H₃O₂ =?
Mass = mole × molar mass
Mass of KC₂H₃O₂ = 0.9625 × 98
Mass of KC₂H₃O₂ = 94.325 g
Thus, the mass of KC₂H₃O₂ needed to prepare the solution is 94.325 g
<span>Answer:
H-C-N H-N-C C-H-N
Notice that C-H-N is the same as N-H-C just written backwards. ( i.e. they have the same connectivtiy.) You can exclude the last one with H in the middle since H has two bonds and 4 electrons around it. At this point you couldn't differentiate between the first two, so I would give you the connectivity in such a problem, which in this case is H-C-N.</span>
Answer:
x = 100 * 1.1897 = 118.97 %, which is > 100 meaning that all of the HClO2 dissociates
Explanation:
Recall that , depression present in freezing point is calculated with the formulae = solute particles Molarity x KF
0.3473 = m * 1.86
Solving, m = 0.187 m
Moles of HClO2 = mass / molar mass = 5.85 / 68.5 = 0.0854 mol
Molality = moles / mass of water in kg = 0.0854 / 1 = 0.0854 m
Initial molality
Assuming that a % x of the solute dissociates, we have the ICE table:
HClO2 H+ + ClO2-
initial concentration: 0.0854 0 0
final concentration: 0.0854(1-x/100) 0.0854x/100 0.0854x / 100
We see that sum of molality of equilibrium mixture = freezing point molality
0.0854( 1 - x/100 + x/100 + x/100) = 0.187
2.1897 = 1 + x / 100
x = 100 * 1.1897 = 118.97 %, which is > 100 meaning that all of the HClO2 dissociates
Answer:0.45L
Explanation:
molarity=0.15M
Mass=5g
No of moles=mass ➗ molecular mass
Molecular mass of KCL=39.0983x1+35.453x1
Molecular mass of KCL=74.5513
No of moles=5 ➗ 74.5513
No of moles=0.067
Volume in liters=No of moles ➗ molarity
Volume in liters=0.067 ➗ 0.15
Volume in liters=0.45L
