Thermal equilibrium is a state in which all parts of a system are at the same temperature
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kettle-power
Jun 18, 2014 — It's interesting to see how much energy heating and cooling systems use ... the kettle uses goes into the water it costs more to use electricity to boil ... 3 minutes is 1/20 of an hour, so 2.4kW for 3 minutes is equivalent to 2.4 / 20 = 0.12kWh. ... kettle should NOT clock over 1kw/h in the 4 minutes it takes to boil
Explanation:
Before any calculations, we need to determine first the crystal structure of the lead metal. From literature, the lead metal assumes an FCC structure. So, it would have 4 atoms per units cell where the three atoms is the sum of all the portion of an atoms in each face of the cell and the 1 atom is the sum of all the portion of the corner atoms. The volume of the unit cell is equal to the edge length raise to the power three or V = a^3. The edge length can be calculated from the radius of the atoms by the pythagorean theorem. We do as follows:
V = a^3
a^2 + a^2 = (4r)^2
2a^2 = (4r)^2
a = 2r
V = (2r)^3
V = 16r^3
V = 16 (0.175x10^-9)^3
V = 1.21 x 10^-28 m^3
