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The equation for carbon-14 emission by Radium-223 nuclei is given below:

<h3>What is radioactivity?</h3>
Radioactivity is the spontaneous decay of a substance with emission of radiation.
The equation for carbon-14 emission by Radium-223 nuclei is given below:

In conclusion, the emission of carbon-14 by Radium-223 nuclei produces Lead-209 nuclei.
Learn more about radioactivity at: brainly.com/question/3603596
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Answer: -
The first step involves protonation of the carbonyl oxygen.
After protonation, the Alcohol oxygen now attacks the carbon of the carbonyl.
Thus a six membered ring is formed with 5 carbon atoms and 1 oxygen atom. The 1st position carbon atom has 2 OH groups.
One of these gets again protonated.
This leaves as water. With the loss of the H+, there results a carbonyl at 1 position.
Thus 5-hydroxypentanoic acid forms a lactone or 2-oxanone in presence of acid.
(g solute/g solution)*100 = % mass/mass
30 g / 400 * 100
0,075 * 100
= 7,5% w/w
hope this helps!