There are four layers of these electrons are, s, p, d, and f.
Each one has a certain number of shells, in different shapes, that can hold two electrons.
S- Has one shell, shaped like a circle, so in total can hold 2 electrons.
P- has three shells, shaped like an infinity symbol, so in total can hold 6 electrons
D- has five shells, shaped, err, dunno how to describe it, can hold 10 electrons.
F- has 7 shells, um, even more dunno how to describe it, can hold 14 electrons
There doesn't only have to be one of each shell though. There can be two S levels, and one P level, and no D or F levels.
(search up electron configuration it'll have a chart of the order in which these come in)
Each layer will be stated as Number layer electron number.
For example, the first layer of electron level would be 1, because it's the first layer, S, because that's what the first layer is, and if it was completely filled, 2.
So, 1s2.
If you were going to add another level, which would also be a S level, but it only has one electron, you would say:
2s1,
because it's the second s level and has one electron in it.
And to put the two together, just say:
1s2, 2s1
NOTE: if you were going to add another level, it would be a P level, but it wouldn't be 3p something, it would be 1p something because it is the first electron level.
Another note: if you have three layers of electrons, or just six electrons, you would just say 1p6. (because the P orbital can hold 6 electrons)
In absence of friction, the change in kinetic energy of the combined mass of the monkey and the sled, must be equal (with opposite sign), to the change in gravitational potential energy:
ΔK = -ΔU
When friction is not negligible, the change in mechanical energy, must be equal to the work done by non-conservative forces (kinetic friction in this case):
ΔK + ΔU = Wnc (1)
As the monkey + sled reach to the maximum distance up the incline, they will come momentarily to a stop, so the final kinetic energy is 0.
The change in gravitational energy, can be written as follows:
The sum of these two quantities, must be equal to the work done by the friction force, along the distance d up the incline:
The normal force, always normal to the surface, must be equal and opposite to the component of the weight normal to the incline:
Replacing in the equation for Wnc:
We can return to the equation (1) and solve for d: