In fact, the soil at the poles consists mainly of snow. Snow has an albedo of 90%: albedo is the fraction of light (and so, of energy) that is reflected back to the space. This means that at the poles, about 90% of the light is reflected back to the space, while only 10% is absorbed.
Scientists use models to study atoms, Because atoms are very tiny, and almost impossible to cut open and look inside.. And the center of an atom is the nucleus and that is ever smaller.
