Question

Referring to the ground state orbital diagram of Fe and Fe3+, explain why iron is considered a ferromagnetic element.

Answer 1

Iron having Z=26 with electronic configuration as $[Ar]3d^64s^2$ has 6 electrons in the 3d shell wherein 5 electrons are aligned parallely and 1 electron  as antiparallel.

$Fe^3^+$ having electronic configuration as $[Ag]3d^5$ has 5 electrons, all aligned in the same direction.

Iron, when kept in external magnetic field, the magnetic domains of the atom get aligned in one direction that means it becomes parallel and they remain parallel even after removing the magnetic field therefore, it is considered as ferromagnetic.