Vanillin is the common name for 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde.
See attached figure for the structure.
Vanillin have 3 functional groups:
1) aldehyde group: R-HC=O, in which the carbon is double bonded to oxygen
2) phenolic hydroxide group: R-OH, were the hydroxyl group is bounded to a carbon from the benzene ring
3) ether group: R-O-R, were hydrogen is bounded through sigma bonds to carbons
Now for the hybridization we have:
The carbon atoms involved in the benzene ring and the red carbon atom (from the aldehyde group) have a <u>sp²</u> hybridization because they are involved in double bonds.
The carbon atom from the methoxy group (R-O-CH₃) and the blue oxygen's have a <u>sp³</u> hybridization because they are involved only in single bonds.
When you add heat to a solid the particles gain energy and start to vibrate faster and faster.
When you add heat to a liquid the particles are given more energy and move faster and faster expanding the liquid.
The main factor that prevents the growth of tropical plants in the northern part of the United States is the climate. The tropical plants require specific conditions to grow and flourish, including warm climate throughout the year, higher precipitation, lots of sunlight. This conditions are lacking in the northern part of the United States where we have smaller amount of sunlight, mostly cloudy sky, and the winters are extremely cold and with lots of snow, and this will contribute to the dying of a tropical plant.
1. “what forms of energy conversions occur during the process of photosynthesis? (How does energy transform?) 2. What is missing from the food web but is essential to maintain equilibrium? A. Soil B.water C. Decomposers D. Oxygen
Answer: The boiling point of a 3.70 m solution of phenol in benzene is 
Explanation:
Elevation in boiling point:
where,
= change in boiling point
i= vant hoff factor = 1 (for benzene which is a non electrolyte )
= boiling point constant = 
m = molality = 3.70
Thus the boiling point of a 3.70 m solution of phenol in benzene is
