Answer : The diatomic molecule of chlorine, Cl₂, is held together by a SINGLE covalent bond.
Covalent Bond :
It is type of chemical bond, which is formed by sharing of electron between atoms . The covalent bond is formed between two non metals . The valance electron are shared to form the bond . The shared electrons are known as BONDING electron pair and the electron pair which do not take part in bonding are known as NON- BONDING electron pair. Example : O₂ , H₂ , H₂O, NH₃ etc .
Formation of covalent bond in Cl₂ :
Chlorine is present in group 17 in p block , It is a non metal .
The electronic configuration of Cl is : 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵ .
Since the outer shell is n= 3 , which has 7 electrons in it , hence Cl has 7 valence electrons in it .
From electronic configuration , it can be seen that Cl need 1 electron to complete its octet (3s² 3p⁶ ). Hence when two Cl atoms come close they share one-one electron with each other (as shown in image ) .
Now the octet of both the atom are complete and they are in stable state together .
When both Cl atom share one e⁻ , there is a bond formed between Cl atoms . One bond consists of 2⁻ . Hence in Cl₂ SINGLE covalent bond present .
Cl + Cl -> Cl₂
atoms consist of protons and neutrons in the nucleus , surrounded by electrons that reside in orbitals . Orbitals are classified according to the four quantum number s that represent anyone particular orbitals energy , shape , orientation and the spin of the occupying electron.
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Answer:
B:with increase in number of valence electrons
Explanation:
As we move from left to right across the periodic table the number of valance electrons in an atom increase. The atomic size tend to decrease in same period of periodic table because the electrons are added with in the same shell. When the electron are added, at the same time protons are also added in the nucleus. The positive charge is going to increase and this charge is greater in effect than the charge of electrons. This effect lead to the greater nuclear attraction. The electrons are pull towards the nucleus and valance shell get closer to the nucleus. As a result of this greater nuclear attraction atomic radius decreases and ionization energy increases because it is very difficult to remove the electron from atom and more energy is required.
The most common pairing would be sodium forming an ion after transfering an electron to chlorine
