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3 years ago

Why use absorption spectra not emission to identify gas?

1 answer:

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It may seem remarkable that we can learn about the composition of distant stars by studying the light they emit. In fact, we can learn a great deal, not only about the chemical elements present, but also about physical conditions. The key is to spread the light out by color, producing a spectrum like the one shown in Fig. 1. This lab explores some of the basic ideas used to analyze spectra.

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1.<br> What are different ways that genetic technology is used?

Reil [10]

Answer:

In medicine, genetic engineering has been used to mass-produce insulin, human growth hormones, follistim, human albumin, monoclonal antibodies, antihemophilic factors, vaccines, and many other drugs. In research, organisms are genetically engineered to discover the functions of certain genes.

Explanation:

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3 years ago

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Glacial striations have been found in South America, South Africa, India, and Australia. What do these marks tell scientist?

zubka84 [21]

These mars can tell the scientist that there are still a lot of things that they can not discover. The glaciation can also tell us about the alignment of the earth and not just it can tell us about the climate. That is why it is really important for the scientist to study keenly in this kind of matters.

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3 years ago

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When part of earths surface is tilted towards the sun what does it cause

Furkat [3]

Summer Solstice is what happens when part of the Earth's surface is tilted towards the sun..

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3 years ago

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Calculate the percent activity of the radioactive isotope strontium-89 remaining after 5 half-lives.

maria [59]

The answer to this question would be: 3.125%

Half-life is the time needed for a radioactive molecule to decay half of its mass. In this case, the strontium-89 is already gone past 5 half lives. Then, the percentage of the mass left after 5 half-lives should be:
100%*(1/2^5)= 100%/32=3..125%

5 0

3 years ago

Rank these acids according to their expected pKa values.

givi [52]

Answer:

According to their expected pKa values, the order of those acids should be:

1- Cl2CHCOOH is the strongest acid and the lowest pKa.

2- ClCH2COOH is a strong acid, but no more than the first. Medium pKa value.

3- ClCH2CH2COOH is a strong acid, but no more than the two previous acids. High pKa value.

4- CH3CH2COOH is the weakest acid, so the highest pKa value.

Explanation:

The pKa values are the negative logarithm of dissociation constant. It represents the relative strengths of the acids. Stronger acids show smaller pKa values and weak acids present larger pKa value. The stronger the acid, the weaker it's the conjugate base. The larger the pKa of the conjugate base, the stronger the acid. The strength of an acid is inversely related to the strength of its conjugate.

Conjugate bases are the substance that has one less proton than the parent acid. The conjugate base of the acid presented in the problem are:

ClCH2COOH -> ClCH2COO- + H+

ClCH2CH2COOH -> ClCH2CH2COO- + H+

CH3CH2COOH -> CH3CH2COO- + H+

Cl2CHCOOH -> Cl2CHCOO - + H+

Cl2CHCOOH. The negative charge presented on its conjugate base is by resonance and inductive effect. This is the strongest acid.

ClCH2COOH. A negative charge is stabilized by resonance and electron-withdrawing but only one atom is present. So this acid is less strong than the first one.

ClCH2CH2COOH. The negative charge is stabilized by resonance and electron-withdrawing atom but the effect is less compared to the two acids showed previously.

CH3CH2COOH. The negative charge is stabilized by resonance and destabilized due to CH3 group. This is the weakest acid among the problem.

Stronger acids have smaller pKa values and weak acids have larger pKa values. Due to the information present in this problem, Cl2CHCOOH is the strongest acid and the lowest pKa. CH3CH2COOH is the weakest acid, so the highest pKa value.

Finally, we can conclude that according to their expected pKa values, the order of those acids should be:

1- Cl2CHCOOH is the strongest acid and the lowest pKa.

2- ClCH2COOH is a strong acid, but no more than the first. Medium pKa value.

3- ClCH2CH2COOH is a strong acid, but no more than the two previous acids. High pKa value.

4- CH3CH2COOH is the weakest acid, so the highest pKa value.

3 0

3 years ago