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kotegsom [21]
3 years ago
6

A student reacts 20.0 mL of 0.248 M H2SO4 with 15.0 mL of 0.195 M NaOH. Write a balanced chemical equation to show this reaction

. Calculate the concentrations of H2SO4 and NaOH that remain in solution after the reaction is complete, and the concentration of the salt that is formed during the reaction.
Chemistry
1 answer:
Molodets [167]3 years ago
8 0

<u>Answer:</u> The concentration of salt (sodium sulfate), sulfuric acid and NaOH in the solution is 0.0418 M, 0.0999 M and 0 M respectively.

<u>Explanation:</u>

To calculate the number of moles for given molarity, we use the equation:

\text{Molarity of the solution}=\frac{\text{Moles of solute}}{\text{Volume of solution (in L)}}     .....(1)

<u>For NaOH:</u>

Initial molarity of NaOH solution = 0.195 M

Volume of solution = 15.0 mL = 0.015 L   (Conversion factor:   1 L = 1000 mL)

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

0.195M=\frac{\text{Moles of NaOH}}{0.015L}\\\\\text{Moles of NaOH}=(0.195mol/L\times 0.015L)=2.925\times 10^{-3}mol

<u>For sulfuric acid:</u>

Initial molarity of sulfuric acid solution = 0.248 M

Volume of solution = 20.0 mL = 0.020 L

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

0.248M=\frac{\text{Moles of }H_2SO_4}{0.020L}\\\\\text{Moles of }H_2SO_4=(0.248mol/L\times 0.020L)=4.96\times 10^{-3}mol

The chemical equation for the reaction of NaOH and sulfuric acid follows:

2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O

By Stoichiometry of the reaction:

2 moles of NaOH reacts with 1 mole of sulfuric acid

So, 2.925\times 10^{-3} moles of KOH will react with = \frac{1}{2}\times 2.925\times 10^{-3}=1.462\times 10^{-3}mol of sulfuric acid

As, given amount of sulfuric acid is more than the required amount. So, it is considered as an excess reagent.

Thus, NaOH is considered as a limiting reagent because it limits the formation of product.

Excess moles of sulfuric acid = (4.96-1.462)\times 10^{-3}=3.498\times 10^{-3}mol

By Stoichiometry of the reaction:

2 moles of KOH produces 1 mole of sodium sulfate

So, 2.925\times 10^{-3} moles of KOH will produce = \frac{1}{2}\times 2.925\times 10^{-3}=1.462\times 10^{-3}mol of sodium sulfate

  • <u>For sodium sulfate:</u>

Moles of sodium sulfate = 1.462\times 10^{-3}moles

Volume of solution = [15.0 + 20.0] = 35.0 mL = 0.035 L

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

\text{Molarity of sodium sulfate}=\frac{1.462\times 10^{-3}}{0.035}=0.0418M

  • <u>For sulfuric acid:</u>

Moles of excess sulfuric acid = 3.498\times 10^{-3}mol

Volume of solution = [15.0 + 20.0] = 35.0 mL = 0.035 L

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

\text{Molarity of sulfuric acid}=\frac{3.498\times 10^{-3}}{0.035}=0.0999M

  • <u>For NaOH:</u>

Moles of NaOH remained = 0 moles

Volume of solution = [15.0 + 20.0] = 35.0 mL = 0.035 L

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

\text{Molarity of NaOH}=\frac{0}{0.050}=0M

Hence, the concentration of salt (sodium sulfate), sulfuric acid and NaOH in the solution is 0.0418 M, 0.0999 M and 0 M respectively.

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