Igneous rock that forms from magma that cools slowly within Earth’s crust is likely to have larger crystals and a coarse-grained texture.
Igneous rock that forms from lava that cools quickly on Earth’s surface is known as extrusive igneous rock. Another word for extrusive is volcanic.
Because the sample of igneous rock formed on Earth’s surface, it is extrusive. Because it’s composed of mostly light-colored minerals, it is likely felsic.
Because the sample of igneous rock formed within Earth’s crust, it is intrusive. Because it contains a very high concentration of dark-colored, high-density minerals, it is likely ultramafic.
The fact that gabbro is an igneous rock suggests that it was formed from the cooling and crystallization of magma. The fact that it is intrusive means that it formed within Earth’s crust. The fact that it’s mafic suggests that it contains a high concentration of dark-colored, high-density minerals.
Answer:
CH₃CH₂CH₂COOH > CH₃CH₂COOH > ClCH₂CH₂COOH > ClCH₂COOH
Explanation:
Electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) increase acidity by inductive removal of electrons from the carboxyl group.
Electron-donating groups (EDGs) decrease acidity by inductive donation of electrons to the carboxyl group.
- The closer the substituent is to the carboxyl group, the greater is its effect.
- The more substituents, the greater the effect.
- The effect tails off rapidly and is almost zero after about three C-C bonds.
CH₃CH₂-CH₂COOH — EDG — weakest — pKₐ = 4.82
CH₃-CH₂COOH — reference — pKₐ = 4.75
ClCH₂-CH₂COOH — EWG on β-carbon— stronger — pKₐ = 4.00
ClCH₂COOH — EWG on α-carbon — strongest — pKₐ = 2.87
I would say G sorry if it’s not right
