Answer:
DONORS: If the material for which it substitutes has more electrons than the original
ACCEPTORS: If the replacement material has fewer electrons than the original material
Fermi level: the point where the probability of finding the last electron is ½
Explanation:
When in a semiconductor material a small fraction of an element is replaced by another with different valences, an excess charge is created.
If the material for which it substitutes has more electrons than the original, there is an excess of electrons, these excess electrons are weakly bound in the material and their orbits are large, in an energy versus moment diagram their energy places them a little more below the conduction band, these materials are called DONORS.
If the replacement material has fewer electrons than the original material, one electron is missing to complete the bonds, so there is a movement of the other electrons, an easier way to analyze this movement of the (n-1) electrons is to suppose that The missing charge has a positive charge and to study its movement, this positive charge is called a hole, its binding energy is small so the orbit of the hole is large, in an energy diagram it is located a little above the band of valence, these are called ACCEPTORS
The Fermi level is defined as the point where the probability of finding the last electron is ½, when the temperature is changed the density of states of the bands changes, therefore the location point moves, but its [probability remains ½
From the ohms law resistance is given by dividing the amount of current by the potential difference (voltage). In a circuit resistors may be arranged in series or parallel which determines the total effective resistance of the circuit depending on the arrangement used.
When resistance are in parallel we apply the formula 1/Rt=1/R1 +1/R2 where Rt is the total resistance, R1 resistance of the first resistor and R2 the resistance of the second resistor.
therefore, 1/Rt = 1/10 +1/10 =2/20 which when simplified is 1/10, therefore 1/Rt is 1/10, to get Rt we do the reciprocal to get 10 ohms.
Therefore the effective resistance of the combined resistors in parallel is 10 ohms
Answer: if a ice cube melts its a liquid but when water's being evaporated it turns into a gas like when you boil water and they also work together because let's say your outside and you see a puddle which is a liquid but the next time you go and see it you notice that the puddle is gone this means the puddle puddle has evaporated and turned into a cloud.
Explanation:
Answer:
amount of work done is
Explanation:
Formula for work done by force field
where
r(t) is parametrization of line
as it is straight line so
thus,
r(t) = (1-t)(-1,1) + t(3,-3)
= (-1+t,1-t) + (3t - 3t)
= (-1+t +3t, 1-t-3t)
r(t) = (4t -1, 1- 4t)
r'(t) = (4,-4)
putting value in above integral
![= 4[ -16 \frac{t^3}{3} + 16\frac{t^2}{2} - 3t]_{0}^{1}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%3D%204%5B%20-16%20%5Cfrac%7Bt%5E3%7D%7B3%7D%20%2B%2016%5Cfrac%7Bt%5E2%7D%7B2%7D%20-%203t%5D_%7B0%7D%5E%7B1%7D)
