This is when atoms of elements combine by sharing electrons or by the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
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The kinetic energy and the physical state of water depend strongly on the temperature;
- Firstly, The kinetic energy of water on a hot stove is higher than that on the counter in the freezer; that the kinetic energy is directly proportional to the temperature according to the relation:
; where R is the universal gas constant, T is the temperature and NA is Avogadro number.
As the temperature increases, the speed of colliding molecules increases and the kinetic energy increases.
- Secondly, The physical state of water depends on the temperature; water has three states (gas, liquid and solid) depends on the temperature.
- If a glass of water is putt on the counter in the freezer, it will be converted to the solid state (ice).
- And, as if it is putt on a hot stove, it will be vapor (gaseous state).