Answer:
The pH of a solution is simply a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions,
H
+
, which you'll often see referred to as hydronium cations,
H
3
O
+
.
More specifically, the pH of the solution is calculated using the negative log base
10
of the concentration of the hydronium cations.
∣
∣
∣
∣
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
a
a
pH
=
−
log
(
[
H
3
O
+
]
)
a
a
∣
∣
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
Now, we use the negative log base
10
because the concentration of hydronium cations is usually significantly smaller than
1
.
As you know, every increase in the value of a log function corresponds to one order of magnitude.
Explanation:
Answer:
The strength of an acid or alkali depends on the degree of dissociation of the acid or alkali in water. The degree of dissociation measures the percentage of acid molecules that ionise when dissolved in water. He could use universal indicators or litmus paper for this.
Explanation:
(See answer for the explanation)
<span>CH4 + 4 Cl2 → CCl4 + 4 HCl
(4.00 mol CH4) x (1/1) x (0.70) = 2.80 mol CCl4
(4.00 mol CH4) x (4/1) x (0.70) = 11.2 mol HCl
CCl4 + 2 HF → CCl2F2 + 2 HCl
(2.80 mol CCl4) x (2/1) x (0.70) = 3.92 mol HCl
11.2 mol + 3.92 mol = 15.1 mol HCl from both steps</span>
