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3 years ago

What eccentricity value results in a circular orbit?

Physics

1 answer:

Oxana [17]3 years ago

7 0

Answer:

Zero

Explanation:

Given the equation of an ellipse:

$\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}=1$

The eccentrity of an ellipse is given by:

$e=\sqrt{1-\frac{b^2}{a^2}}$

For a circle, we have

$a=b$

Therefore the eccentricity of a circle is

$e=\sqrt{1-\frac{1^2}{1^2}}=0$

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Two identical small metal spheres with q1 > 0 and |q1| > |q2| attract each other with a force of magnitude 72.1 mN when se

Brrunno [24]

1) $+2.19\mu C$

The electrostatic force between two charges is given by

$F=k\frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2}$ (1)

where

k is the Coulomb's constant

q1, q2 are the two charges

r is the separation between the charges

When the two spheres are brought in contact with each other, the charge equally redistribute among the two spheres, such that each sphere will have a charge of

$\frac{Q}{2}$

where Q is the total charge between the two spheres.

So we can actually rewrite the force as

$F=k\frac{(\frac{Q}{2})^2}{r^2}$

And since we know that

r = 1.41 m (distance between the spheres)

$F= 21.63 mN = 0.02163 N$

(the sign is positive since the charges repel each other)

We can solve the equation for Q:

$Q=2\sqrt{\frac{Fr^2}{k}}=2\sqrt{\frac{(0.02163)(1.41)^2}{8.98755\cdot 10^9}}}=4.37\cdot 10^{-6} C$

So, the final charge on the sphere on the right is

$\frac{Q}{2}=\frac{4.37\cdot 10^{-6} C}{2}=2.19\cdot 10^{-6}C=+2.19\mu C$

2) $q_1 = +6.70 \mu C$

Now we know the total charge initially on the two spheres. Moreover, at the beginning we know that

$F = -72.1 mN = -0.0721 N$ (we put a negative sign since the force is attractive, which means that the charges have opposite signs)

r = 1.41 m is the separation between the charges

And also,

$q_2 = Q-q_1$

So we can rewrite eq.(1) as

$F=k \frac{q_1 (Q-q_1)}{r^2}$

Solving for q1,

$Fr^2=k (q_1 Q-q_1^2})\\kq_1^2 -kQ q_1 +Fr^2 = 0$

Since $Q=4.37\cdot 10^{-6} C$ , we can substituting all numbers into the equation:

$8.98755\cdot 10^9 q_1^2 -3.93\cdot 10^4 q_1 -0.141 = 0$

which gives two solutions:

$q_1 = 6.70\cdot 10^{-6} C\\q_2 = -2.34\cdot 10^{-6} C$

Which correspond to the values of the two charges. Therefore, the initial charge q1 on the first sphere is

$q_1 = +6.70 \mu C$

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Answer:

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3 years ago

A stone is tied to a string and whirled at constant speed in a horizontal circle. The speed is then doubled without changing the

Tanya [424]

Answer:

Afterward the magnitude of the acceleration of the stone is four times as great

Explanation:

A stone tied to a string and whirled at a constant speed in a horizontal circle will have a centripetal acceleration given by

$a = \frac{v^{2} }{r}$

Where $a$ is the centripetal acceleration

$v$ is the speed

and $r$ is the radius of the circle

Here, the radius of the circle is the length of the string.

Now, from the question

The speed is then doubled without changing the length of the string,

Let the new speed be $v_{2}$ , that is

$v_{2} = 2v$

and without changing the length of the string means radius $r$ is constant.

To determine the magnitude of the acceleration of the stone afterwards,

Let the new acceleration be $a_{2}$ .

Then we can write that

$a_{2} = \frac{v_{2}^{2} }{r}$

From

$a = \frac{v^{2} }{r}$

$v = \sqrt{ar}$

Recall that

$v_{2} = 2v$

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Now, we will put the value of $v_{2}$ into

$a_{2} = \frac{v_{2}^{2} }{r}$

Then,

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$a_{2} = \frac{4ar }{r}$

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