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Serhud [2]
3 years ago
13

Calculate the empirical formula for each natural flavor based on its elemental mass percent composition.

Chemistry
1 answer:
algol [13]3 years ago
7 0
The complete question is;
Calculate the empirical formula for each of the following naturalflavors based on their elemental mass percent composition.

Q1)
methyl butyrate (component of apple taste andsmell):  C -58.80 %  H- 9.87 % 
O -31.33.%Express your answer as a chemical formula.


Q2)
vanillin (responsible for the taste and smellof vanilla):  C - 63.15%  H- 5.30 % 
O - 31.55%Express your answer as a chemical formula.

Q1)
empirical formula is the simplest ratio of whole number of elements in the compound. as the percentages have been given, lets calculate for 100 g of compound 
                                          C                         H                         O
mass                             58.80 g                  9.87 g                   31.33
molar mass                   12 g/mol                 1 g/mol                 16 g/mol
number of moles           58.80/12                9.87/1                    31.33/16
                                      = 4.9                      =9.87                     = 1.95
then divide number of moles by least number of moles - 1.95 in this case
                                      4.9/1.95 = 2.51      9.87/1.95 = 5.06    1.95/1.95= 1
next multiply by 2 to get numbers that can be rounded off to whole numbers
                                       2.51x2 = 5.02        5.06x2 = 10.12      1x2 = 2
when rounded off to the nearest whole number 
C - 5
 H - 10
 O - 2
therefore empirical formula is C₅H₁₀O₂

Q2) for this too since elemental composition has been given in percentages lets calculate for 100 g of compound 
                                          C                         H                         O
mass                               63.15 g                5.30 g                 31.55 g
molar mass                     12 g/mol              1 g/mol                16 g/mol
number of moles             63.15/12             5.30/1                  31.55/16
                                        =5.26                  =5.30                   =1.97
divide the number of moles by the least number of moles - 1.97
                                        5.26/1.97            5.30/1.97               1.97/1.97 
                                        =2.67                   = 2.69                      = 1
multiply each by 3 to get numbers that can be rounded off to whole numbers
                                        2.67x3 = 8.01     2.69x3 = 8.07         1x3 = 3
rounded off to the nearest whole numbers 
C - 8
H - 8
O - 3
empirical formula = C₈H₈O₃
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Determine the oxidation number of each element in these compounds or ions. (a) au2(seo4)3 (gold(iii) selenate) au = se = o = (b)
Stels [109]
<span>                                                    Au</span>₂(SeO₄)₃

                                         O = -2 × 4 = -8
                                             Se  =  + 6
So,
                                            (+6 - 8) = -2

Means (SeO₄) contains -2 charge, Now multiply -2 by 3
                                             
                                             -2 ₓ 3 = -6
Means,
                             Au₂ + (-6) = 0
               
                            Au₂  = +6
Or,
                            Au  =  6 / 2

                            Au  = +3
Result:
                            Au  =  +3
                            Se  =  +6
                            O   =  -2

                                                      Ni(CN)₂


Cyanide (CN⁻) contains -1 charge,
So,
                              N  =  -3
                              C  =  +2
Then,
                                         Ni + (-1)₂  =  0

                                               Ni - 2  =  0
Or,
                                                     Ni =  +2
Result:
                            N  =  -3
                            C  =  +2
                           Ni  =  +2




6 0
3 years ago
Never mind jhvjycdtrsesetdfyguhbjnk
OlgaM077 [116]

Complete Question

methanol can be synthesized in the gas phase by the reaction of gas phase carbon monoxide with gas phase hydrogen, a 10.0 L reaction flask contains carbon monoxide gas at 0.461 bar and 22.0 degrees Celsius. 200 mL of hydrogen gas at 7.10 bar and 271 K is introduced. Assuming the reaction goes to completion (100% yield)

what are the partial pressures of each gas at the end of the reaction, once the temperature has returned to 22.0 degrees C express final answer in units of bar

Answer:

The partial  pressure of  methanol is  P_{CH_3OH_{(g)}} =0.077 \  bar

The partial  pressure of carbon monoxide is  P_{CO} = 0.382 \ bar

The partial  pressure at  hydrogen is  P_H =  O \  bar

Explanation:

From the question we are told that

  The volume of the  flask is  V_f = 10.0 \  L

   The initial pressure of carbon monoxide gas is  P_{CO} = 0.461 \ bar

   The initial  temperature of carbon monoxide gas is T_{CO} = 22.0^oC

   The volume of the hydrogen gas is  V_h  =  200 mL = 200 *10^{-3} \  L

    The initial  pressure of the hydrogen is P_H  =  7.10 \  bar

    The initial temperature of the hydrogen  is  T_H = 271 \  K

The reaction of  carbon monoxide and  hydrogen is  represented as

         CO_{(g)} + 2H_2_{(g)} \rightarrow CH_3OH_{(g)}

Generally from the ideal gas equation the initial number of moles of carbon monoxide is  

        n_1  =  \frac{P_{CO} *  V_f }{RT_{CO}}

Here R is the gas constant with value  R  = 0.0821 \ L \cdot atm \cdot mol^{-1} \cdot K

=>     n_1  =  \frac{0.461  *  10 }{0.0821 * (22 + 273)}

=>     n_1  = 0.19

Generally from the ideal gas equation the initial number of moles of Hydrogen  is  

       n_2  =  \frac{P_{H} *  V_H }{RT_{H}}

      n_2  =  \frac{ 7.10 *  0.2 }{0.0821 * 271 }

=> n_2  =  0.064

Generally from the chemical equation of the reaction we see that

        2 moles of hydrogen gas reacts with 1 mole of CO

=>      0.064 moles of  hydrogen gas will react with  x  mole of  CO

So

          x = \frac{0.064}{2}

=>       x = 0.032 \ moles \ of  \  CO

Generally from the chemical equation of the reaction we see that

        2 moles of hydrogen gas reacts with 1 mole of CH_3OH_{(g)}

=>      0.064 moles of  hydrogen gas will react with  z  mole of  CH_3OH_{(g)}

So

          z = \frac{0.064}{2}

=>       z = 0.032 \ moles \ of  \ CH_3OH_{(g)}

From this calculation we see that the limiting reactant is hydrogen

Hence the remaining CO after the reaction is  

          n_k = n_1 - x

=>       n_k = 0.19  - 0.032

=>       n_k = 0.156

So at the end of the reaction , the partial pressure for  CO is mathematically represented as

      P_{CO} = \frac{n_k  *  R *  T_{CO}}{V}

=>    P_{CO} = \frac{0.158   *  0.0821 *  295}{10}

=>    P_{CO} = 0.382 \ bar

Generally the partial pressure of  hydrogen is  0 bar because hydrogen was completely consumed given that it was the limiting reactant

Generally the partial  pressure of the methanol is mathematically represented as

         P_{CH_3OH_{(g)}} = \frac{z  *  R *  T_{CO}}{V_f}

Here  T_{CO} is used because it is given the question that the   temperature  returned to 22.0 degrees C

So

      P_{CH_3OH_{(g)}} = \frac{0.03 * 0.0821 *  295}{10}

     P_{CH_3OH_{(g)}} =0.077 \  bar

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