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dlinn [17]
3 years ago
7

There are some exceptions to the trends of first and successive ionization energies. For each of the following pairs, explain wh

ich ionization energy would be higher:
(a) IE₁ of Ga or IE₁ of Ge
(b) IE₂ of Ga or IE₂ of Ge
(c) IE₃ of Ga or IE₃ of Ge
(d) IE₄ of Ga or IE₄ of Ge
Chemistry
2 answers:
EleoNora [17]3 years ago
7 0

Explanation:

a) IE1 of Germenium.  ionization energy decreases down the group.

b) Here IE2 of Ga is higher because second valence electron of gallium is in s orbital whereas second valence electron of germenium is in p orbital.

c) IE3 of Ge is higher as this follows the trend.

d)IE4 of Ga is higher because the 4th valence electron of Ga is a core electron and the for Ge it is in s orbital and it takes higher energy to break a core electron than the orbital ones.

NNADVOKAT [17]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

(b) IE₂ of Ga >  IE₂ of Ge

Explanation:

Electronic configuration of Ga is [Ar] 3d¹⁰4s²4p¹

Electronic configuration of Ge is [Ar] 3d¹⁰4s²4p²

After 1st ionisation , Ga  becomes [Ar] 3d¹⁰4s² and becomes stable . Its

2 nd ionisation requires higher amount of ionisation energy. In case of Ge , there are 2 electrons in outermost orbital so it becomes stable after ionisation of 2 electrons.

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A 0.8kg object displaces 500ml of water what is its specific gravity
worty [1.4K]

Specific gravity is the ratio of density of substance and density of water

We know that density of water = 1 g /mL at standard conditions

now as given that the 0.8 Kg of the substance / object is able to displace 500mL of water , it means that

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The volume occupied by 800g of object = 500 mL

Density = mass / volume

Density of object = 800 / 500= 1.6 g / mL

The specific gravity of object = density of object  / density of water = 1.6 / 1 = 1.6 (no units)

3 0
3 years ago
.325 mol KOH to grams
lesya [120]
The answer is 18.23432 grams.

Molar mass of KOH= 56.1056

( \frac{1 mol}{56.1056 grams})  (\frac{.325 mol}{x grams}) = 18.234 grams
5 0
3 years ago
What is the empirical formula for a compound that is 31.9% potassium, 28.9% chlorine, and 39.2% oxygen?
notsponge [240]
The  empirical formula  for a compound   is KClO3

     Explanation 
 
find  the  moles of each  element
moles  = % composition/molar  mass

molar  mass of  of  potassium =39g/mol ,chlorine = 35.5 g/mol, oxygen =16 g/mol

moles  of potassium  =  31.9 / 39 = 0.818  moles
moles of  chlorine    = 28.9/35.5 = 0.814 moles
moles of   oxygen  =  39.2/  16 =  2.45  moles


find the  mole ratio  by  dividing   with  the smallest  mole = 0.814  moles

potassium = 0.818/0.814  =1  
chlorine  =  0.814/0.814 = 1
oxygen =  2.45 /0.814 =3 


the empirical  formula   is therefore = KClO3
7 0
3 years ago
The following data were obtained in a kinetics study of the hypothetical reaction A + B + C → products. [A]0 (M) [B]0 (M) [C]0 (
Vladimir [108]

Answer:

B. First order, Order with respect to C = 1

Explanation:

The given kinetic data is as follows:

A + B + C → Products

     [A]₀     [B]₀    [C]₀       Initial Rate (10⁻³ M/s)

1.   0.4      0.4     0.2       160

2.  0.2      0.4      0.4       80

3.   0.6     0.1       0.2       15

4.   0.2     0.1       0.2        5

5.   0.2     0.2      0.4       20

The rate of the above reaction is given as:

Rate = k[A]^{x}[B]^{y}[C]^{z}

where x, y and z are the order with respect to A, B and C respectively.

k = rate constant

[A], [B], [C] are the concentrations

In the method of initial rates, the given reaction is run multiple times. The order with respect to a particular reactant is deduced by keeping the concentrations of the remaining reactants constant and measuring the rates. The ratio of the rates from the two runs gives the order relative to that reactant.

Order w.r.t A : Use trials 3 and 4

\frac{Rate3}{Rate4}= [\frac{[A(3)]}{[A(4)]}]^{x}

\frac{15}{5}= [\frac{[0.6]}{[0.2]}]^{x}

3 = 3^{x} \\\\x =1

Order w.r.t B : Use trials 2 and 5

\frac{Rate2}{Rate5}= [\frac{[B(2)]}{[B(5)]}]^{y}

\frac{80}{20}= [\frac{[0.4]}{[0.2]}]^{y}

4 = 2^{y} \\\\y =2

Order w.r.t C : Use trials 1 and 2

\frac{Rate1}{Rate2}= [\frac{[A(1)]}{[A(2)]}]^{x}[\frac{[B(1)]}{[B(2)]}]^{y}[\frac{[C(1)]}{[C(2)]}]^{z}

we know that x = 1 and y = 2, substituting the appropriate values in the above equation gives:

\frac{160}{80}= [\frac{[0.4]}{[0.2]}]^{1}[\frac{[0.4]}{[0.4]}]^{2}[\frac{[0.2]}{[0.4]}]^{z}

1 = (0.5)^{z}

z = 1

Therefore, order w.r.t C = 1

8 0
3 years ago
What best discribes the relationship between wavelength and frequency in a electromagnetic wave
Ksivusya [100]

Answer:

The higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength

Explanation:

All light waves move through a vacuum at the same speed, the number of wave crests passing by a given point in one second depends on the wavelength.

3 0
3 years ago
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