The gravitational force between Mars and the Sun is 
Explanation:
The magnitude of the gravitational force between two objects is given by the equation:
where
is the gravitational constant
m1, m2 are the masses of the two objects
r is the separation between them
In this problem, we have:
is the mass of the Sun
is the mass of Mars
is the average distance Mars-Sun
Substituting into the equation, we find the gravitational force:

So, the closest answer is

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A calorimeter measures the amount of heat in a chemical reaction. So the answer would be C, specific heat.
Water will evaporate from any
water source and life forms. The answer is letter C. An application of heat
into water will cause the water to evaporate. This is because the
intermolecular forces of attraction of water can be broken by sufficient energy
application.