Classius claperyon equation
In (P2/ P2) = ΔHvap/R) × (1/T2-1/T1)
T2 occurs at normal boiling when vapor pressure P2 = 1 atm.
P1 = 55.1 mmHg, P2 = 1 atm = 760mmHg
T1 = 35°c = 308.15k, T2 =
ΔHvap = 32.1kJ/mol = 32100 J/mol
In (760/55.1) = (-32100/ 8.314) × ( 1/T2 - 1/308.15)
The normal boiling point T2 = 390k = 117°c
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All waves must ____ have to travel through
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Explanation:
Wave
It is the periodic disturbance in a medium.
Types of Wave
There are two types of wave in general depending upon their propagation through a substance.
• Mechanical
• Electromagnetic
Mechanical Wave
It is the kind of wave which needs medium to travel. For example: Sound Wave
That means sound can be heard only whenever there is presence of certain substance like water, glass, air etc .It can’t be heard in vacuum no matter how loud is the sound.
Electromagnetic Wave
Is that which can travel through medium as well as through vacuum. For example: Light
But unlike sound, light can be seen through a substance or in vacuum. That is the reason it is referred as electromagnetic wave.
Power is defined as the rate at which the body is doing work:
Work is defined as displacement done by the force times that displacement:
We know that we need 62N to move the box, so when we apply this force along the path of 10m we have done:
of work.
Now we just divide that by 5s to get how much power is required:
Light that enters the new medium <em>perpendicular to the surface</em> keeps sailing straight through the new medium unrefracted (in the same direction).
Perpendicular to the surface is the "normal" to the surface. So the angle of incidence (angle between the laser and the normal) is zero, and the law of refraction (just like the law of reflection) predicts an angle of zero between the normal and the refracted (or the reflected) beam.
Moral of the story: If you want your laser to keep going in the same direction after it enters the water, or to bounce back in the same direction it came from when it hits the mirror, then shoot it <em>straight on</em> to the surface, perpendicular to it.
