The heat required to convert the unknown substance X from one phase to another is 1600 J times the specific heat of that substance.
Explanation:
The heat energy required to convert a substance or to heat up or increase the temperature of a substance can be obtained from the specific heat formula.
As per this formula, the heat energy applied should be equal to the product of mass of the substance with temperature gradient and also with specific heat of the substance. Basically, the heat provided to increase or convert a substance should be more than the specific heat of the substance.

Since, here the mass of the substance X is given as m = 20g and the temperature change is given from -10°C to 70°C.
Then ΔT = (70-(-10))=70+10=80°C.
As the substance is unknown, the specific heat of that substance can also not be determined. Hence keep it as C.

Q = 1600C J
Thus, the heat required to convert the unknown substance X from one phase to another is 1600 J times the specific heat of that substance.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
descriptive, because scientists are writing down the observations but not making comparisons.
The standard unit of potential difference and electromotive force in the International System of Units(SI), formally defined to be the difference of electric potential between two points of a conductor carrying a constant current of one ampere, when the power dissipated between these points is equal to one watt.