The zone that gases always accelerate upward is the Luminous flame zone. The fire plume is the column of hot gases, flames and smoke rising above a fire. Gases accelerate upward toward the always luminous flame zone. The luminous flame height is the distance between the base of a flame and the point at which the plume is luminous half the time and transparent half the time.
Explanation:
Given that,
Terminal voltage = 3.200 V
Internal resistance 
(a). We need to calculate the current
Using rule of loop


Where, E = emf
R = resistance
r = internal resistance
Put the value into the formula


(b). We need to calculate the terminal voltage
Using formula of terminal voltage

Where, V = terminal voltage
I = current
r = internal resistance
Put the value into the formula


(c). We need to calculate the ratio of the terminal voltage of voltmeter equal to emf


Hence, This is the required solution.
The wave frequency is 2 Hz.
What is wave frequency ?
The number of waves that pass through a fixed point in a given amount of time is referred to as the wave frequency. The hertz is the SI unit for wave frequency (Hz).

where,

Given,


The waves frequency is 2 Hz.
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The mass contributes with the time of thermal energy transfer with respect to the material type but most importantly the material type will determine rate at which the material absorbs the transfer of heat or thermal energy by either three types, conduction, convection and radiation.