First, let's take a look at the equation for the force of gravity between two objects:
F = (GMm)/r², where,
G = gravitational constant = 6.67 x 10⁻¹¹
M = mass of one object
m = mass of the other object
r = distance between the two objects
From this equation, we can see that the force of gravity is directly proportional to the mass of the two objects and inversely proportional to the distance between them. We can then say that the Earth is <span>more attracted to the sun than the moon because of the massive mass of the Sun (1.9891 x 10</span>³⁰)<span> compared to moon (7.3577 x 10</span>²²<span>). Although, the moon is nearer to the Earth, it has little effect to bring down the gravitational pull of the Sun. </span>
The sphere has a constant potential. It is the electric field.

In the sphere, then

Outside the sphere, then

The elements of the electric field include

Which becomes,

<h3>
In a consistent electric field, is force constant?</h3>
Similar to an ordinary object in the uniform gravitational field near the Earth's surface, a charged item in a uniform electric field experiences a constant force and consequently experiences a uniform acceleration. The vector cross product of p and E determines the torque's direction.
If the charge is positive, the force either moves in the same direction as E or in the opposite direction (if charge is negative).
A torque is experienced by an electric dipole (p) in an even electric field (E). The vector cross product of p and E determines the torque's direction.
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