Answer:
the restoring force is = 3/4NKT
Explanation:
check the attached files for answer.
This question is incomplete, the complete question is;
For a steel alloy it has been determined that a carburizing heat treatment of 11.3 h duration at Temperature T1 will raise the carbon concentration to 0.44 wt% at a point 1.8 mm from the surface. A separate experiment is performed at T2 that doubles the diffusion coefficient for carbon in steel.
Estimate the time necessary to achieve the same concentration at a 4.9 mm position for an identical steel and at the same carburizing temperature T2.
Answer:
the required time to achieve the same concentration at a 4.9 is 83.733 hrs
Explanation:
Given the data in the question;
treatment time t₁ = 11.3 hours
Carbon concentration = 0.444 wt%
thickness at surface x₁ = 1.8 mm = 0.0018 m
thickness at identical steel x₂ = 4.9 mm = 0.0049 m
Now, Using Fick's second law inform of diffusion
/ Dt = constant
where D is constant
then
/ t = constant
/ t₁ =
/ t₂
t₂ = t₁
t₂ = t₁
/ 
t₂ = (
/
)t₁
t₂ =
/
× t₁
so we substitute
t₂ =
0.0049 / 0.0018
× 11.3 hrs
t₂ = 7.41 × 11.3 hrs
t₂ = 83.733 hrs
Therefore, the required time to achieve the same concentration at a 4.9 is 83.733 hrs
Answer:
Explanation:
Given that : -
The desirable limit is 500 mg / l , but
allowable upto 2000 mg / l.
The take volume is V = 160.000 m3
V = 160 , 000 x 103 l
The crainage gives 150 mg / l and lake has initialy 100 mg / l
Code of tpr frpm drawn = 150 x 60, 000 x 1000
Ci = 9000 kg / gr
Cl = 100 x 160,000 x 1000
Cl = 16, 000 kg
Since allowable limit = 2000 mg / l
Cn = ( 2000 x 160, 00 x 1000 )
= 320, 000 kg
so, each year the rate increases, by 9000 kg / yr
Read level = ( 320, 000 - 16,000 )
Li = 304, 000 kg
Tr=<u>304,000</u>
900
=33.77
Answer:
im sorry but i cant find any studies about this and im 3 days late
Answer:
The timing light is connected to the ignition circuit and used to illuminate the timing marks on the engine's crankshaft pulley or flywheel, with the engine running. The apparent position of the marks, frozen by the stroboscopic effect, indicates the current timing of the spark in relation to piston position.
Explanation:
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