Cornelsen focus on physics solutions
Answer:
An increase or decrease in the permeability of a cell membrane by opening or closing of ion channels would change the membrane potential of a cell membrane from resting membrane potential.
Explanation:
The Resting membrane potential (RMP) normally sits between -50 and -75. This RMP value depends upon the type of ion channels that are open and the concentration of different ions (K+, Na+, Ca2+, Cl-) in the intracellular and extracellular fluids.
For example, in a neuronal cell at a resting state Potassium (K) and Organic anions are found at a higher concentration within the cell than outside. Whereas, Sodium (Na) and Chloride (Cl-) ions are in higher concentration outside the cell. This difference in concentration provides a gradient for ions to flow down their concentration gradient when channels are open as a result of action potential. During depolarization, voltage gated Na+ ions open because of an electrical stimulus. As sodium ions rushes in the cell, the charge inside the cell raises from Negative to Positive changing the Resting Membrane Potential.
Once the cell has been depolarized , the voltage gated Na+ channels close. The raised positive charge inside the cell now causes K+ channels to open, potassium ions now move down the concentration gradient out of the cell so that membrane potential falls and starts to approach the Resting Membrane Potential. This is called re polarization.
So, that's how permeability or opening and closing of ion channels would change the Resting Membrane Potential (RMP).
The ecological footprint finds the person demand on natural demand.
<h3>What is ecological footprint?</h3>
The ecological footprint is the method promoted by the Global Footprint Network to find human demand on natural capital. The quantity of nature it takes to support people or an economy. It tracks this demand through an ecological accounting system.
Some things which could do to reduce your footprint is Reduce Your Use of Single-Use, Disposable Plastics, Switch to Renewable Energy, Eat Less Meat, Reduce your Waste, Recycle Responsibly, Drive Less, Reduce Your Water Use, Support Local.
Thus, the ecological footprint is to find person demand on natural demand.
Learn more about ecological footprint.
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Photon has no rest mass but when photon travels at the speed of light, it gains momentum.
The energy of the photon is E= pc, c = speed of the photon and p= its momentum.
∴ E = pc
but p = h/λ (This comes from De-broglie's theory)
∴ E = hc/λ
frequency = ν = c/λ
∴E = hν
Answer:
91.64 km
91.64 km high material would go on earth if it were ejected with the same speed as on Io.
Explanation:
According to Newton Law of gravitation:
![g=\frac{Gm}{r^2}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=g%3D%5Cfrac%7BGm%7D%7Br%5E2%7D)
Where:
G is gravitational constant=![6.67*10^{-11} m^3/kg.s^2](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=6.67%2A10%5E%7B-11%7D%20m%5E3%2Fkg.s%5E2)
For Moon lo g is:
![g_M=\frac{6.67*10^{-11}*8.93*10^{22}}{(1821*10^3)^2m^2} \\g_M=1.7962 m/s^2](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=g_M%3D%5Cfrac%7B6.67%2A10%5E%7B-11%7D%2A8.93%2A10%5E%7B22%7D%7D%7B%281821%2A10%5E3%29%5E2m%5E2%7D%20%5C%5Cg_M%3D1.7962%20m%2Fs%5E2)
According to law of conservation of energy
Initial Energy=Final Energy
![K.E_i+mgh_i=K.E_f+mgh_f](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K.E_i%2Bmgh_i%3DK.E_f%2Bmgh_f)
![\frac{1}{2}m(v_0)^2+mgh_o= \frac{1}{2}m(v_f)^2+mgh_f\\At\ maximum\ height\ v_f=0\\\frac{1}{2}m(v_0)^2+0=mgh_f\\v_0=\sqrt{2gh_f}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7Dm%28v_0%29%5E2%2Bmgh_o%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7Dm%28v_f%29%5E2%2Bmgh_f%5C%5CAt%5C%20maximum%5C%20height%5C%20v_f%3D0%5C%5C%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7Dm%28v_0%29%5E2%2B0%3Dmgh_f%5C%5Cv_0%3D%5Csqrt%7B2gh_f%7D)
For Jupiter's moon Io:
Velocity is given by:
![v_0_M=\sqrt{2g_Mh_f_M}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=v_0_M%3D%5Csqrt%7B2g_Mh_f_M%7D)
For Earth Velocity is given by:
![v_0_E=\sqrt{2g_Eh_f_E}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=v_0_E%3D%5Csqrt%7B2g_Eh_f_E%7D)
Now:
![v_o_M=v_o_E](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=v_o_M%3Dv_o_E)
![\sqrt{2g_Mh_f_M}=\sqrt{2g_Eh_f_E}\\h_f_E=\frac{g_Mh_f_M}{g_E}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Csqrt%7B2g_Mh_f_M%7D%3D%5Csqrt%7B2g_Eh_f_E%7D%5C%5Ch_f_E%3D%5Cfrac%7Bg_Mh_f_M%7D%7Bg_E%7D)
![g_E=9.8 m/s^2](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=g_E%3D9.8%20m%2Fs%5E2)
![g_m=1.7962 m/s^2, As\ Calculated\ above](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=g_m%3D1.7962%20m%2Fs%5E2%2C%20As%5C%20Calculated%5C%20above)
![h_f_E=\frac{1.7962*500*10^3m}{9.8} \\h_f_E=91642.85 m\\h_f_E=91.64Km](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=h_f_E%3D%5Cfrac%7B1.7962%2A500%2A10%5E3m%7D%7B9.8%7D%20%5C%5Ch_f_E%3D91642.85%20m%5C%5Ch_f_E%3D91.64Km)
91.64 km high material would go on earth if it were ejected with the same speed as on Io.