Solution :
<u>Explanation 1 </u>:
Spontaneity of the reaction is based on two factors :
-- the tendency to acquire a state of minimum energy
-- the energy of a system to acquire a maximum randomness.
Now, since there isn't much difference in the bond enthalpies of B-F and B-Cl. So, we can say the major driving factor is tendency to acquire a state of maximum randomness.
<u>Explanation 2 </u>:
A system containing the B halides has a than a system of and .
It has the same number of , but more distinguishable kinds of , hence, more microstates and higher entropy.
Answer:
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Answer:
To synthesize cis-2-methylcyclopentyl from methycyclopentanol, you need to replace the acetate hydroxyl group with acetate by inverting the configuration.
Explanation:
To understand the process, you need to understand the nucleophilic mechanism taking place in the process. This is the first stage of the process. Hydroxide is a poor leaving group, to it must be converted to a good leaving group. To effect the change, it is necessary to use p-toluenesuphate.
p-toluenesuphate is favored because this can be prepared by a reaction that alters none of the bonds attached to the stereogenic center.
The reaction of p-toluensulfonate with potassium acetate in acetic acid effects the conversion to give the final product: cis-2-methylcyclopentyl.
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Answer:
153.3 grams of ZrCl₄ are produced
Explanation:
The equation of the reaction is as follows:
ZrSiO₄ + Cl₂ ----> ZrCl₄ + SiO₂ + O₂
molar mass of ZrSiO₄ = (91 + 32 + 16 * 4) = 187.0 g/mol
molar mass of ZrCl₄ = (91 + 35.5 * 4) = 233.0 g/mol
molar mass of Cl₂ = (35.5 * 2) 71.0 g/mol
From the equation of reaction, 1 mole of ZrSiO₄ reacts with one mole of Cl₂ to produce one mole of ZrCl₄
number of moles of ZrSiO₄ present in 123 g = 123/187 = 0.65 moles
number of moles of Cl₂ present in 85.0 g = 85.0/71.0 = 1.19 moles
therefore, ZrSiO₄ is the limiting reactant
123.0 g of ZrSiO₄ will react with excess Cl₂ to produce 123 * 233/187 grams of ZrCl₄ = 153.3 grams of ZrCl₄
Therefore, 153.3 grams of ZrCl₄ are produced