Valence electrons are the electrons located in the outermost shell
Plants, animals and bacteria
The ice sculpture would take longer to melt than the ice cube
This is because their tails are hydrophobic and their heads are hydrophilic. Hydrophobic meaning dislikes being near water and hydrophilic meaning likes to be near water. Therefore, they will orientate themselves in such a manner that the heads are facing externally and all the tails are facing together protected by the hydrophilic heads. google a photo of lipid chains in water if you are still confused. I'm not sure if that is what you are asking, but I hope it helps.
The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is created by deep oceans. The Marine Debris is litter that ends up in oceans or other large bodies of water.