The charge of an aluminum ion is typically 3+. This is because the element's atomic number is 13, reflecting the fact that it has 13 electrons and 13 protons. The valence shell of aluminum has three electrons, and per the octet rule, these three electrons are lost resulting in just 10 electrons and 13 protons.
The specific heat capacity of liquid water is 4.186 J/gm K. This means that each gram of liquid water requires 4.186 Joules of heat energy to raise its temperature by one degree Kelvin. One molar mass of water is equivalent to 18 grams. Therefore, the molar heat capacity becomes the product of 4.186 and 18
HCl is an acid, C5H5N is a base, Cl is an acid, and HC5H5N is an acid.
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To balance the the chemical reaction, the number of moles
per element is balance is both side of the reaction and also the charge in both
sides of the reation. to balnce the reaction:
S2O3 2- + Cu 2+ ---> S4O6 2- + Cu+
2S2O3 2- + Cu 2+ ---> S4O6 2- + Cu+ + e