Explanation:
Crumple zones are sections in cars that are designed to crumple up when the car encounters a collision. Crumple zones minimize the effect of the force in an automobile collision in two ways. By crumpling, the car is less likely to rebound upon impact, thus minimizing the momentum change and the impulse.
Less because the ramp is letting off force but i does depend on the way you are going on the ramp
Answer:
Part a)


Part b)

Explanation:
Part a)
Constant speed by which the student will run is given as

now after some time if student is going to overtake the position of bus
so here the final positions will be same
so we have




so it is

So student will run the total distance



Part b)
Speed of bus when student reach the bus is given as



Answer:
Part a)

Part b)

Part c)

Explanation:
As we know that acceleration is rate of change in velocity of the object
So here we know that


Part a)
differentiate x and y two times with respect to time to find the acceleration






Now the acceleration of the object is given as

at t= 1.1 s we have

now the net force of the object is given as



now magnitude of the force will be

Part b)
Direction of the force is given as



Part c)
For velocity of the particle we have




now at t = 1.1 s

now the direction of the velocity is given as



Navigation is the art of measuring distances in order to be able to get from one place to another