Answer:
Radiation effects on electrical equipment depend on the equipment and on the type of ionizing radiation to which it is exposed.
First, beta radiation has little, if any, effect on electrical equipment because this type of ionizing radiation is easily shielded. The equipment housing and the construction of the parts within the housing will protect the equipment from beta-radiation (high-energy electrons) exposure.
Gamma radiation is penetrating and can affect most electrical equipment. Simple equipment (like motors, switches, incandescent lights, wiring, and solenoids) is very radiation resistant and may never show any radiation effects, even after a very large radiation exposure. Diodes and computer chips (electronics) are much more sensitive to gamma radiation. To give you a comparison of effects, it takes a radiation dose of about 5 Sv to cause death to most people. Diodes and computer chips will show very little functional detriment up to about 50 to 100 Sv. Also, some electronics can be "hardened" (made to be not affected as much by larger gamma radiation doses) by providing shielding or by selecting radiation-resistant materials.
Some electronics do exhibit a recovery after being exposed to gamma radiation, after the radiation is stopped. But the recovery is hardly ever back to 100% functionality. Also, if the electronics are exposed to gamma radiation while unpowered, the gamma radiation effects are less.
Ionizing radiation breaks down the materials within the electrical equipment. For example, when wiring is exposed to gamma rays, no change is noticed until the wiring is flexed or bent. The wire's insulation becomes brittle and will break and may cause shorts in the equipment. The effect on diodes and computer chips is a bit more complex. The gamma rays disrupt the crystalline nature of the inside of the electronic component. Its function is degraded and then fails as more gamma radiation exposure is received by the electronic component.
Gamma rays do not affect the signals within the device or the signals received by the device. Nonionizing radiation (like radio signals, microwaves, and electromagnetic pulses) DO mess with the signals within and received by the device. I put a cheap electronic game in my microwave oven at home. It arced and sparked and was totally ruined. I didn’t waste any more of my time playing that game.
Hope this helps.
Explanation:
MARK ME AS BARINIEST PLS
<span>ΔE = -RH [(1/nf2) - (1/ni2)]ΔE = -2.18 x10-18 J [(1/32) - (1/52)]ΔE = -1.55 x10-19 JE = hc/λλ = hc/Eλ = [(6.63 x10-34 J.s.) x (3.00 x1017 nm/s)] /(1.55 x10-19 J)λ = 1280nm</span>
The statement was false as it mentioned, the profit-maximizing rule leaves room for cases where it is both possible and reasonable for a firm to operate at a loss over the long run
What is profit-maximizing rule ?
According to the Profit Maximization Rule, if a corporation want to maximise its profits, it must select the level of output where Marginal Cost (MC) equals Marginal Revenue (MR) and the Marginal Cost curve is increasing. To put it another way, it must generate at a level where MC = MR.
The profit maximization rule formula is as follows:
MC = MR
The marginal cost is the cost increase caused by manufacturing one extra unit of an item.
The difference in total revenue as a result of altering the rate of sales by one unit is referred to as marginal revenue. The slope of Total Revenue is also known as Marginal Revenue.
Total Revenue - Total Costs = Profit
Profit maximisation happens when there is a considerable gap or disparity between total revenue and total cost.
so the given statement the profit-maximizing rule leaves room for cases where it is both possible and reasonable for a firm to operate at a loss over the long run. was a false statement.
To learn more about profit-maximizing rule follow the given link: brainly.com/question/7586794
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