When a high-power laser is used in the Earth's atmosphere, the electric field associated with the laser beam can ionize the air,
turning it into a conducting plasma that reflects the laser light. In dry air at 0°C and 1 atm, electric breakdown occurs for fields with amplitudes above about 3.00 MV/m.
(a) What laser beam intensity will produce such a field?
W/m2
(b) At this maximum intensity, what power can be delivered in a cylindrical beam of diameter 3.44 mm?
W
(a) What laser beam intensity will produce such a field?
W/m2
(b) At this maximum intensity, what power can be delivered in a cylindrical beam of diameter 3.44 mm?
W
1 answer:
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Work needed: 720 J
Explanation:
The work needed to stretch a spring is equal to the elastic potential energy stored in the spring when it is stretched, which is given by
where
k is the spring constant
x is the stretching of the spring from the equilibrium position
In this problem, we have
E = 90 J (work done to stretch the spring)
x = 0.2 m (stretching)
Therefore, the spring constant is
Now we can find what is the work done to stretch the spring by an additional 0.4 m, that means to a total displacement of
x = 0.2 + 0.4 = 0.6 m
Substituting,
Therefore, the additional work needed is
Learn more about work:
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