Question 1: Newtonian. It refers to work of Newton. Light, electrical and chemical energies are different forms of energy.
Question 2: Nuclear power plants. Heat , Sunlight and energy in atoms are not nuclear energies.
Question 3: Batteries. the other two are examples of mechanical energy. But batteries are examples for chemical energy.
Answer:
Explanation:
Given a square side loop of length 10cm
L=10cm=0.1m
Then, Area=L²
Area=0.1²
Area=0.01m²
Given that, frequency=60Hz
And magnetic field B=0.8T
a. Flux Φ
Flux is given as
Φ=BA Sin(wt)
w=2πf
Φ=BA Sin(2πft)
Φ=0.8×0.01 Sin(2×π×60t)
Φ=0.008Sin(120πt) Weber
b. EMF in loop
Emf is given as
EMF= -N dΦ/dt
Where N is number of turns
Φ=0.008Sin(120πt)
dΦ/dt= 0.008×120Cos(120πt)
dΦ/dt= 0.96Cos(120πt)
Emf=-NdΦ/dt
Emf=-0.96NCos(120πt). Volts
c. Current induced for a resistance of 1ohms
From ohms law, V=iR
Therefore, Emf=iR
i=EMF/R
i=-0.96NCos(120πt) / 1
i=-0.96NCos(120πt) Ampere
d. Power delivered to the loop
Power is given as
P=IV
P=-0.96NCos(120πt)•-0.96NCos(120πt)
P=0.92N²Cos²(120πt) Watt
e. Torque
Torque is given as
τ=iL²B
τ=-0.96NCos(120πt)•0.1²×0.8
τ=-0.00768NCos(120πt) Nm
Neptune was named after the Roman god of the sea and it is the last known of the planets
Explanation:
(a)
The photoelectric effect is the phenomenon in which the light of the particular frequency incidents on the material. Then the emission of the electrons from the surface of the material occurs.
This phenomenon could not be explained by Newtonian physics.
In Newtonian physics, the energy is not discrete. In quantum mechanics, the energy is discrete. This is the main why the photoelectric effect could not be explained by Newtonian physics.
(b)
Light consists of photons. The photon is a packet of energy. It is also called quanta. The energies of the photons are quantized.
When a photon strikes on the surface of metal then the energy of photon is absorbed by an electron in the metal so that it may eject from the surface. This phenomenon is called the photoelectric effect.
(c)
In quantum mechanics, wave-particle duality concept is used to explain the wave-particle nature of the light. Light behaves as particle as well as wave. It shows both nature. The photoelectric phenomenon shows the particle nature of the light. It acts as a particle when it hits the surface of the metal.
In line spectra, the electron is excited to an energy level. In this case energy is transferred from photon to electron. There is a collision between photon and electron. The change in momentum will occur. It shows the particle nature of the light.
