The length of time over which the conditions are measured
Explanation:
Weather captures the daily atmospheric conditions over a short duration hence it is short-term. Climate is the average of weather and covers a longer duration hence long-term. Therefore, what differentiatea these two is the length of time over which the conditions are measured.
football hemets have pads that are filled with air and thick foam so when they are hit the foam asorbs the hit and the air keeps the hard outer shell of the helmet from hiting the players head