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ipn [44]
3 years ago
6

Nitrogen is used to protect steel from water because nitrogen has ________.

Chemistry
2 answers:
REY [17]3 years ago
8 0
Inert properties

<span>Nitrogen is used to protect steel from water because it has inert properties that make it a good blanketing gas.</span>
givi [52]3 years ago
3 0

Answer is: low reactivity.

Nitrogen (N) is in group 15 of Periodic table of elements and his atomic number is seven, which means that nitrogen has seven electrons and electron configuration: ₇N 1s²2s²2p³.

Nitrogen is inert (low reactivity) nonmetal and has five valence electrons. Nitrogen has oxidation numbers from -3 to +5.

Nitrogen molecule (N₂) has strong nonpolar triple covalent bond, that is why it is very stable and have low reactivity.

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9966 [12]

First, we need to calculate how much energy we will get from this combustion.

Assuming the combustion is complete, we have the octane reacting with O₂ to form only water and CO₂, so:

C_8H_{18}+O_2\to CO_2+H_2O

We need to balance the reaction. Carbon only appear on two parts, so, we can start by it:

C_8H_{18}+O_2\to8CO_2+H_2O

Now, we balance the hydrogen:

C_8H_{18}+O_2\to8CO_2+9H_2O

And in the end, the oxygen:

C_8H_{18}+\frac{25}{2}O_2\to8CO_2+9H_2O

We can multiply all coefficients by 2 to get integer ones:

2C_8H_{18}+25O_2\to16CO_2+18H_2O

Now, we need to use the enthalpies of formation to get the enthalpy of reaction of this reaction.

The enthalpy of reaction can be calculated by adding the enthalpies of formation of the products multiplied by their stoichiometric coefficients and substracting the sum of enthalpies of formation of the reactants multiplied by their stoichiometric coefficients.

For the reactants, we have (the enthalpy of formation of pure compounds is zero, which is the case for O₂):

\begin{gathered} \Delta H\mleft\lbrace reactants\mright\rbrace=2\cdot\Delta H\mleft\lbrace C_8H_{18}\mright\rbrace+25\cdot\Delta H\mleft\lbrace O_2\mright\rbrace \\ \Delta H\lbrace reactants\rbrace=2\cdot(-250.1kJ)+25\cdot0kJ \\ \Delta H\lbrace reactants\rbrace=-500.2kJ+0kJ \\ \Delta H\lbrace reactants\rbrace=-500.2kJ \end{gathered}

For the products, we have:

\begin{gathered} \Delta H_{}\mleft\lbrace product\mright\rbrace=16\cdot\Delta H\lbrace CO_2\rbrace+18\cdot\Delta H\lbrace H_2O\rbrace \\ \Delta H_{}\lbrace product\rbrace=16\cdot(-393.5kJ)+18\cdot(-285.5kJ) \\ \Delta H_{}\lbrace product\rbrace=-6296kJ-5139kJ \\ \Delta H_{}\lbrace product\rbrace=-11435kJ \end{gathered}

Now, we substract the rectants from the produtcs:

\begin{gathered} \Delta H_r=\Delta H_{}\lbrace product\rbrace-\Delta H\lbrace reactants\rbrace \\ \Delta H_r=-11435kJ-(-500.2kJ) \\ \Delta H_r=-10934.8kJ \end{gathered}

Now, this enthalpy of reaction is for 2 moles of C₈H₁₈, so for 1 mol of C₈H₁₈ we have half this value:

\Delta H_c=\frac{1}{2}\Delta H_r=\frac{1}{2}\cdot(-10934.8kJ)=-5467.4kJ

Now, we have 100 g of C₈H₁₈, and its molar weight is approximately 114.22852 g/mol, so the number of moles in 100 g of C₈H₁₈ is:

\begin{gathered} M_{C_8H_{18}}=\frac{m_{C_8H_{18}}}{n_{C_8H_{18}}} \\ n_{C_8H_{18}}=\frac{m_{C_8H_{18}}}{M_{C_8H_{18}}}=\frac{100g}{114.22852g/mol}\approx0.875438mol \end{gathered}

Since we have approximately 0.875438 mol, and 1 mol releases -5467.4kJ when combusted, we have:

Q=-5467.4kJ/mol\cdot0.875438mol\approx-4786.37kJ

Now, for the other part, we need to calculate how much heat it is necessary to melt a mass, <em>m</em>.

First, we have to heat the ice to 0 °C, so:

\begin{gathered} Q_1=m\cdot2.010J/g.\degree C\cdot(0-(-10))\degree C \\ Q_1=m\cdot2.010J/g\cdot10 \\ Q_1=m\cdot20.10J/g \end{gathered}

Then, we need to melt all this mass, so we use the latent heat now:

Q_2=n\cdot6.03kJ/mol

Converting mass to number of moles of water we have:

\begin{gathered} M=\frac{m}{n} \\ n=\frac{m}{M}=\frac{m}{18.01528g/mol} \end{gathered}

So:

Q_2=\frac{m}{18.01528g/mol}_{}\cdot6.03kJ/mol\approx m\cdot0.334716kJ/g

Adding them, we have a total heat of:

\begin{gathered} Q_T=m\cdot20.10J/g+m\cdot0.334716kJ/g \\ Q_T=m\cdot0.02010kJ/g+m\cdot0.334716kJ/g \\ Q_T=m\cdot0.354816kJ/g \end{gathered}

Since we have a heat of 4786.37 kJ form the combustion, we input that to get the mass (the negative sign is removed because it only means that the heat is released from the reaction, but now it is absorbed by the ice):

\begin{gathered} 4786.37kJ=m\cdot0.354816kJ/g \\ m=\frac{4786.37kJ}{0.354816kJ/g}\approx13489g\approx13.5\operatorname{kg} \end{gathered}

Since we have a total of 20kg of ice, we can clculate the percent using it:

P=\frac{13.5\operatorname{kg}}{20\operatorname{kg}}=0.675=67.5\%

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1 year ago
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Answer:

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Explanation:

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Explanation:

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