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ivanzaharov [21]
3 years ago
11

A rigid 10-L vessel initially contains a mixture of liquid and vapor water at 100 °C, with a quality factor of 0.123. The mixtur

e is heated until its temperature is 150 °C. Calculate the heat transfer required for this process. This is problem 4-31 from the textbook.
Engineering
1 answer:
masya89 [10]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

Q_{in} = 46.454\,kJ

Explanation:

The vessel is modelled after the First Law of Thermodynamics. Let suppose the inexistence of mass interaction at boundary between vessel and surroundings, changes in potential and kinectic energy are negligible and vessel is a rigid recipient.

Q_{in} = U_{2} - U_{1}

Properties of water at initial and final state are:

State 1 - (Liquid-Vapor Mixture)

P = 101.42\,kPa

T = 100\,^{\textdegree}C

\nu = 0.2066\,\frac{m^{3}}{kg}

u = 675.761\,\frac{kJ}{kg}

x = 0.123

State 2 - (Liquid-Vapor Mixture)

P = 476.16\,kPa

T = 150\,^{\textdegree}C

\nu = 0.2066\,\frac{m^{3}}{kg}

u = 1643.545\,\frac{kJ}{kg}

x = 0.525

The mass stored in the vessel is:

m = \frac{V}{\nu}

m = \frac{10\times 10^{-3}\,m^{3}}{0.2066\,\frac{m^{3}}{kg} }

m = 0.048\,kg

The heat transfer require to the process is:

Q_{in} = m\cdot (u_{2}-u_{1})

Q_{in} = (0.048\,kg)\cdot (1643.545\,\frac{kJ}{kg} - 675.761\,\frac{kJ}{kg} )

Q_{in} = 46.454\,kJ

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igomit [66]

Answer:

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Explanation:

given data

AADT  = 150000 veh/day

solution

we get here design hour volumes that is express as

design hour volumes  = AADT × k × D    ..............1

here k is factor and its  range is 8 to 12 % for urban

and D is directional distribution i.e traffic equal divided by the direction

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7 0
3 years ago
Reduce the force F ij = + (2 5 ) kN to point A(2m,3m) that acts on point B( 3m,5m) - .
Alexxx [7]

Given :

Force, \vec{F}= (2\hat{i} + 5\hat{j})\ kN.

Force is acting at point A( 2 m, 3 m ) and B( 3 m, 5 m )

To Find :

The work done by force F .

Solution :

Displacement vector between point A and B is :

\vec{d} = (3-2)\hat{i} + (5-3)\hat{j}\\\\\vec{d} = \hat{i} + 2\hat{j}

Now, we know work done is given by :

W = \vec{F}.\vec{d}\\\\W= (2\hat{i} + 5\hat{j}).(\hat{i}+\hat{2j})\\\\W = (2\times 1) +( 5\times 2) \ kJ\\\\W = 12 \ kJ

W = 12000 J

Therefore, work done by force is 12000 J .

6 0
3 years ago
To find the reactance XLXLX_L of an inductor, imagine that a current I(t)=I0sin(ωt)I(t)=I0sin⁡(ωt) , is flowing through the indu
Sophie [7]

Answer:

V(t) = XLI₀sin(π/2 - ωt)

Explanation:

According to Maxwell's equation which is expressed as;

V(t) = dФ/dt ........(1)

Magnetic flux Ф can also be expressed as;

Ф = LI(t)

Where

L = inductance of the inductor

I = current in Ampere

We can therefore Express Maxwell equation as:

V(t) = dLI(t)/dt ....... (2)

Since the inductance is constant then voltage remains

V(t) = LdI(t)/dt

In an AC circuit, the current is time varying and it is given in the form of

I(t) = I₀sin(ωt)

Substitutes the current I(t) into equation (2)

Then the voltage across inductor will be expressed as

V(t) = Ld(I₀sin(ωt))/dt

V(t) = LI₀ωcos(ωt)

Where cos(ωt) = sin(π/2 - ωt)

Then

V(t) = ωLI₀sin(π/2 - ωt) .....(3)

Because the voltage and current are out of phase with the phase difference of π/2 or 90°

The inductive reactance XL = ωL

Substitute ωL for XL in equation (3)

Therefore, the voltage across inductor is can be expressed as;

V(t) = XLI₀sin(π/2 - ωt)

3 0
3 years ago
A steam power plant operates on an ideal reheat- regenerative Rankine cycle and has a net power output of 80 MW. Steam enters th
trasher [3.6K]

Answer:

flow(m) = 54.45 kg/s

thermal efficiency u = 44.48%

Explanation:

Given:

- P_1 = P_8 = 10 KPa

- P_2 = P_3 = P_6 = P_7 = 800 KPa

- P_4 = P_5 = 10,000 KPa

- T_5 = 550 C

- T_7 = 500 C

- Power Output P = 80 MW

Find:

-  The mass flow rate of steam through the boiler

-  The thermal efficiency of the cycle.

Solution:

State 1:

P_1 = 10 KPa , saturated liquid

h_1 = 192 KJ/kg

v_1 = 0.00101 m^3 / kg

State 2:

P_2 = 800 KPa , constant volume process work done:

h_2 = h_1 + v_1 * ( P_2 - P_1)

h_2 = 192 + 0.00101*(790) = 192.80 KJ/kg

State 3:

P_3 = 800 KPa , saturated liquid

h_3 = 721 KJ/kg

v_3 = 0.00111 m^3 / kg

State 4:

P_4 = 10,000 KPa , constant volume process work done:

h_4 = h_3 + v_3 * ( P_4 - P_3)

h_4 = 721 + 0.00111*(9200) = 731.21 KJ/kg

State 5:

P_5 = 10,000 KPa , T_5 = 550 C

h_5 = 3500 KJ/kg

s_5 = 6.760 KJ/kgK

State 6:

P_6 = 800 KPa , s_5 = s_6 = 6.760 KJ/kgK

h_6 = 2810 KJ/kg

State 7:

P_7 = 800 KPa , T_7 = 500 C

h_7 = 3480 KJ/kg

s_7 = 7.870 KJ/kgK

State 8:

P_8 = 10 KPa , s_8 = s_7 = 7.870 KJ/kgK

h_8 = 2490 KJ/kg

- Fraction of steam y = flow(m_6 / m_3).

- Use energy balance of steam bleed and cold feed-water:

                                        E_6 + E_2 = E_3

               flow(m_6)*h_6 + flow(m_2)*h_3 = flow(m_3)*h_3

                                    y*h_6 + (1-y)*h_3 = h_3

                                  y*2810 + (1-y)*192.8 = 721

Compute y:                          y = 0.2018

- Heat produced by the boiler q_b:

                             q_b = h_5 - h_4 +(1-y)*(h_7 - h_8)

                    q_b = 3500 -731.21 + ( 1 - 0.2018)*(3480 - 2810)

Compute q_b:               q_b = 3303.58 KJ/ kg

-Heat dissipated by the condenser q_c:

                                       q_c = (1-y)*(h_8 - h_1)

                                 q_c= ( 1 + 0.2018)*(2810 - 192)

Compute q_c:               q_c = 1834.26 KJ/ kg

- Net power output w_net:

                                     w_net = q_b - q_c

                                w_net = 3303.58 - 1834.26

                                    w_net = 1469.32 KJ/kg

- Given out put P = 80,000 KW

                                     flow(m) = P / w_net

compute flow(m)          flow(m) = 80,000 /1469.32 = 54.45 kg/s

- Thermal efficiency u:

                                     u = 1 - (q_c / q_b)

                                     u = 1 - (1834.26/3303.58)

                                     u = 44.48 %

5 0
3 years ago
3<br> Current is measured in units called
bixtya [17]

Answer:

current is measured in Ampere (A)

6 0
2 years ago
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