Answer:
Lattice energy is <em>the energy required to convert a mole of ionic solid into its constituent ions in the gas phase</em>
Explanation:
Lattice energy is usually calculated by the Born-Haber cycle, from the affinity energies and sublimation ethalphy values. It is used as an estimation of the ionic energy strength between the ions in an ionic compound.
It is defined as the energy needed to broke 1 mol of a given ionic compound into its ions in the gaseous state. For example, the lattice energy for sodium chloride (NaCl) is the energy required to separate 1 mol of solid ionic compound (NaCl(s)) and produce the sodium and chlorine ions in the gas phase: Na⁺(g) and Cl⁻(g).
<h3><u>Answer;</u></h3>
- Molecules along the surface of a liquid behave differently than those in the bulk liquid.
- Cohesive forces attract the molecules of the liquid to one another.
- Surface tension increases as the temperature of the liquid rises
<h3><u>Explanation;</u></h3>
- Surface tension is measured as the energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid by a unit of area. The surface tension of a liquid results from an imbalance of intermolecular attractive forces, the cohesive forces between molecules.
- A molecule in the bulk liquid experiences cohesive forces with other molecules in all directions, while a molecule at the surface of a liquid experiences only net inward cohesive forces.
- Surface tension decreases when temperature increases because cohesive forces decrease with an increase of molecular thermal activity.
