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2 years ago

Write torsion equation and explain the importance of each components.

Engineering

1 answer:

Elanso [62]2 years ago

4 0

The equations are based on the following assumptions

1) The bar is straight and of uniform section
2) The material of the bar is has uniform properties.
3) The only loading is the applied torque which is applied normal to the axis of the bar.
4) The bar is stressed within its elastic limit.

Nomenclature

T = torque (Nm)
l = length of bar (m)
J = Polar moment of inertia.(Circular Sections) ( m^4)
J' = Polar moment of inertia.(Non circluar sections) ( m^4 )
K = Factor replacing J for non-circular sections.( m^4)
r = radial distance of point from center of section (m)
ro = radius of section OD (m)
τ = shear stress (N/m^2)
G Modulus of rigidity (N/m^2)
θ = angle of twist (radians)

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A vacuum pump is used to drain a basement of 20 °C water (with a density of 998 kg/m3 ). The vapor pressure of water at this tem

lord [1]

Answer:

The maximum theoretical height that the pump can be placed above liquid level is $\Delta h=9.975\,m$

Explanation:

To pump the water, we need to avoid cavitation. Cavitation is a phenomenon in which liquid experiences a phase transition into the vapour phase because pressure drops below the liquid's vapour pressure at that temperature. As a liquid is pumped upwards, it's pressure drops. to see why, let's look at Bernoulli's equation:

$\frac{\Delta P}{\rho}+g\, \Delta h +\frac{1}{2} \Delta v^2 =0$

( $\rho$ stands here for density, $h$ for height)

Now, we are assuming that there aren't friction losses here. If we assume further that the fluid is pumped out at a very small rate, the velocity term would be negligible, and we get:

$\frac{\Delta P}{\rho}+g\, \Delta h =0$

$\Delta P= -g\, \rho\, \Delta h$

This means that pressure drop is proportional to the suction lift's height.

We want the pressure drop to be small enough for the fluid's pressure to be always above vapour pressure, in the extreme the fluid's pressure will be almost equal to vapour pressure.

That means:

$\Delta P = 2.34\,kPa- 100 \,kPa = -97.66 \, kPa\\$

We insert that into our last equation and get:

$\frac{ \Delta P}{ -g\, \rho\,}= \Delta h\\\Delta h=\frac{97.66 \, kPa}{998 kg/m^3 \, \, 9.81 m/s^2} \\\Delta h=9.975\,m$

And that is the absolute highest height that the pump could bear. This, assuming that there isn't friction on the suction pipe's walls, in reality the height might be much less, depending on the system's pipes and pump.

8 0

3 years ago

A mass weighing 22 lb stretches a spring 4.5 in. The mass is also attached to a damper with Y coefficient . Determine the value

Dominik [7]

Answer:

Cc= 12.7 lb.sec/ft

Explanation:

Given that

m = 22 lb

g= 32 ft/s²

$m = \dfrac{22}{32}=0.6875\ s^2/ft$

x= 4.5 in

1 in = 0.083 ft

x= 0.375 ft

Spring constant ,K

$K=\dfrac{m}{x}=\dfrac{22}{0.375}$

K= 58.66 lb/ft

The damper coefficient for critically damped system

$C_c=2\sqrt{mK}$

$C_c=2\sqrt{0.6875\times 58.66}$

Cc= 12.7 lb.sec/ft

5 0

2 years ago

Select the correct answer.

Ulleksa [173]

The answer is A. Immediately inform her colleague

4 0

2 years ago

An ideal gas undergoes two processes: one frictionless and the other not. In both the cases, the gas is initially at 200 ℉ and 1

Zarrin [17]

Answer:

The process which has friction

Explanation:

The entropy is simply the change in the state of the things or the molecules in the system. It is simply the change in the energy of the system with a focus on the atoms in the system. This is also known as the internal energy of the system and is given the symbol, G. The friction contributes to the change in the energy of the system. This is because friction generates another form of energy - that is heat energy. This energy causes the internal temperature id the system to increase. Hence the greater change in the temperature.

6 0

2 years ago

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Firefighters are holding a nozzle at the end of a hose while trying to extinguish a fire. The nozzle exit diameter is 8 cm, and

ivanzaharov [21]

Question

Determine the average water exit velocity

Answer:

53.05 m/s

Explanation:

Given information

Volume flow rate, $Q=16 m^{3}/min$