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nalin [4]
3 years ago
14

Problem 1: A catchment has the following Horton’s infiltration parameters: f0=280 mm/hr, fc=25 mm/hr and k = 2.5 hr-1 . For the

rainfall distribution is given below Interval (mins) 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 Rainfall (mm/hr) 25 50 80 205 170 (a) What is the cumulative infiltration rate (F), infiltration rate (fp), depression storage (S) and runoff (R) at each time step (b) What time does ponding occur?

Engineering
1 answer:
harkovskaia [24]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

Ponding will occur in 40mins

Explanation:

We say that the infiltration rate is the velocity or speed at which water enters into the soil. This often times is measured by the depth (in mm) of the water layer that can enter the soil in one hour. An infiltration rate of 15 mm/hour means that a water layer of 15 mm on the soil surface, will take one hour to infiltrate.

Consider checking attachment for the step by step solution.

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What is hardness and how is it generally tested?
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Answer:

Hardness is understood as the property of materials in general to resist the penetration of an indenter under load, so that the hardness represents the resistance of the material to the plastic deformation located on its surface.

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Hardness of a material is understood as the resistance that the material opposes to its permanent surface plastic deformation by scratching or penetration. It is always true that the hardness of a material is inversely proportional to the footprint that remains on its surface when a force is applied.

In this sense, the hardness of a material can also be defined as that property of the surface layer of the material to resist any elastic deformation, plastic or destruction due to the action of local contact forces caused by another body (called indenter or penetrator), harder, of certain shape and dimensions, which does not suffer residual deformations during contact.

That is, hardness is understood as the property of materials in general to resist the penetration of an indenter under load, so that the hardness represents the resistance of the material to the plastic deformation located on its surface.

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It refers to the Rockwell hardness test, a method with which the hardness or resistance of a material to be penetrated is calculated. It is characterized by being a fast and simple method that can be applied to all types of materials. An optical reader is not required.

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Brinell hardness is a scale that is used to determine the hardness of a material through the indentation method, which consists of penetrating with a hardened steel ball tip into the hard material, a load and for a certain time.  

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Vickers hardness is a test that is used in all types of solid and thin or soft materials. In this test, a square-shaped pyramid-shaped diamond and a   136° vertex angle are placed on the penetrating equipment.

In this test the hardness measurement is performed by calculating the diagonal penetration lengths.

However, its result is not read directly on the equipment used, therefore, the following formula must be applied to determine the hardness of the material: HV = 1.8544 · F / (dv2).

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