Answer:
Explanation:
Complete ionic equation : In complete ionic equation, all the substance that are strong electrolyte and present in an aqueous are represented in the form of ions.
Net ionic equation : In the net ionic equations, we are not include the spectator ions in the equations.
Only the species which are present in aqueous state dissociate.
Spectator ions : The ions present on reactant and product side which do not participate in a reactions. The same ions present on both the sides.
(a)
The balanced molecular equation will be,
The complete ionic equation in separated aqueous solution will be,
In this equation the species present are, 
are the spectator ions.
Hence, the net ionic equation contains specie is
Answer:
Environment A is not undergoing succession, and Environment B is.
Explanation:
Ecological succession is a gradual process in which ecosystems significantly change over time. Ecological succession is a term used by scientists to describe the change in the structure of a community of different species, or ecosystem. This concept of ecological succession stems from a desire to understand the patterns of change in large and complex ecosystems like forests and how they can exist in places known to be recently formed, such as volcanic islands.
In environment A, the ecosystem is not really changing, organisms are merely returning to their natural habitat. It does not represent any change in the ecosystem.
In environment B, the original ecosystem has become grossly modified, first by the appearance of lichen and mosses and subsequently by grasses shrubs and animals. These sequence of events correlate well with the idea of ecological succession presented in the opening paragraph hence environment B is undergoing ecological succession.
C not sure 100 percent but my best guess
I think it will be B. Hope it helps :)
