There are a few ways to do this- unfortunately different fields are better at it than others! Medical research is generally pretty good, some other fields likewise very good, some not as much.
Basically, though, what they do is use standadisation- they agree on the terminology, units of data, statistical measures, and so forth, that will be used in that scientific field. As much as possible, every scientist in the field uses those standards so everyone working in the field should recognise it.
For instance, in clinical trials, there is very good agreement worldwide on what the different metrics we use are- e.g. in cancer research, we usually want to know the 5-year survival rate (meaning the percentage of patients still alive 5 years after diagnosis). So anyone with the right training should be able to pick up a clinical trial report and understand what the results are and what the report is saying.
10°c
Explanation:
Given parameter;
Lower fixed point = 30mm
Upper fixed point = 180mm
Reading = 45mm
Unknown:
The degree celcuis temperature at 45mm = ?
Solution:
To solve this problem we simply compare the mm- scale to the celcius - scale that we know.
The upper fixed point is the boiling point of water
Lower fixed point is the freezing point of water
This shows that both the upper and lower fixed point of both thermometers are the same;
mm-scale °c scale
180mm 100°c
45mm x
30mm 0°c
Solving;
x (150) = 100 x 15
x = 10°c
learn more:
Temperature scales brainly.com/question/1603430
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Reviewed by many sources. for example, it must be reviewed by scientist too
Answer:
a) 
is the speed of each proton
b) 
Explanation:
Given:
radius of path of motion, 
we know charge on protons, 
magnetic field strength, 
we've mass of proton, 
a)
From the equivalence of magnetic force and the centripetal force on the proton:
where:
v = speed of the proton
is the speed of each proton
b)
Now the centripetal force on each proton:
Given Data: Diameter 'd' = 30 cm = 0.3 m Lifting Weight 'W' = mg = 2000*9.81 N = 19,620 N Calculations: Area of the lift 'A' = <span>pi\over4*d^2=pi\over4*0.3^2=0.07 m^2
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