Elements Y and elements Z would have similar properties due to the fact that they both posses the same number of valence electrons. They both have a single valence electron that determines the corresponding elements bonding properties and the fact that it can either donate 1 valence electron to produce an ion that would be attracted to another atom, that is also an ion. Assuming that these elements are group 1 elements, they do not undergo in covalent bonding.
The correct answer is gonna be C) A lithium cation ion is smaller
A lithium cation has lost its valence electrons, which causes the remaining electrons to be pulled in stronger by the positive charge in the nucleus. As they get closer to the nucleus, the overall size of the atom is decreased.
Sugar is a compound made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.