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kupik [55]
3 years ago
15

A strain gauge with a 5 mm gauge length gives a displacement reading of 1.25 um. Calculate the stress value given by this displa

cement if the material is structural steel.
Engineering
1 answer:
KengaRu [80]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

stress  = 50MPa

Explanation:

given data:

Length of strain guage is 5mm

displacement\delta = 1.25 \mu m =\frac{1.25}{1000} =  0.00125 mm

stress due to displacement in structural steel can be determined by using following relation

E =\frac{stress}{strain}

stress = E \times strain

where E is young's modulus of elasticity

E for steel is 200 GPa

stress = 200\times 10^3 *\frac{1.25*10^{-3}}{5}

stress  = 50MPa

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. Consider the single-engine light plane described in Prob. 2. If the specific fuel consumption is 0.42 lb of fuel per horsepowe
Trava [24]

Answer:

Hence the Range and Endurance of single engine plane is given by

650.644 miles and 5.3528 hrs at standard sea level.

Explanation:

Given :

A single engine light plane with ,

Specific fuel consumption 0.42lb/hr/hp.

Fuel capacity =44 gal.

Gross weight =3400 lb.

To find :

Range and Endurance of the plane.

Solution:

Consider  all standard measures of standard single engine propeller plane

as

Wing span =35.8 fts.

Wing swing area=174 sq ft

parasite drag coefficient  =Cd.o.=0.025

Oswald's eff. factor= 0.8

ρ=0.002377= corresponds to standard sea level constant.

Now

Formula for Range is given by, Breguent formula.

R=(η/c)  *(Cl/Cd)*ln(W1/W0)

here η is Oswald's constant,

Now calculating lift(Cl) and drag coefficient (Cd)

Cl=W/(1/2*ρ*v^2*S)

W=Gross weight

ρ=0.002377

Assume v=200 ft/sec normally,

S=174 Sq .ft.

CI=3400/(1/2*0.002377*200*200*174)

=6800/16543.9

=0.4110

Now calculating drag constant,

AR=(wing span)^2/wing swing area

=(35.8)^2/174

=7.37

Now

Drag Coefficient

Cd=Cd.o.+ (Cl^2)/(pie*e*AR)

=0.025+(0.4110)^2/(3.142*0.8*7.36)

=0.0342

Given that 44 gal fuel capacity and in Aviation weight of fuel is 5.64 lb/gal

hence weight of fuel=W1=3400- (44*5.64)

=3151.84

Now

for specific fuel consumption=0.42  lb/hp/hr

=0.42  lb*(1/550 ft)*(1/3600)sec

=2.12 *10^-7 lb/ft/sec

Now further calculating range

R=(η/c)  *(Cl/Cd)*ln(W1/W0)

={0.8/(2.12*10^-7)}*(0.4110/0.0342)*ln(3151.84/3400)

=0.024908/0.072504

=0.34354*10^7

=3.4353 *10^6 fts.

1mi =5280 ft

=(3.4353/5280)*10^6

=650.644 miles

Now

For Endurance

E=(η/c)*{(Cl^3/2)/Cd}*(2*ρ*S)^1/2*[1/(W1)^1/2  -1/(W0)^1/2].

=(0.8/2.12*10^-7)*{(0.4110^3/2)/0.0342}*(2*0.002377*174)^1/2*[1/(3151.84)^1/2  -1/(3400)^1/2]

=3.7735*10^6*7.7043*0.8272*0.0006629

=0.01927*10^6

=1.927*10^4 sec

here 1hr =3600 sec

E=(1.927/3600)*10^4

=5.3528 hrs

7 0
3 years ago
simple Brayton cycle using air as the working fluid has a pressure ratio of 10. The minimum and maximum temperatures in the cycl
Irina18 [472]

Answer:

a) 764.45K

b) 210.48 kJ/kg

c) 30.14%

Explanation:

pressure ratio = 10

minimum temperature = 295 k

maximum temperature = 1240 k

isentropic efficiency for compressor = 83%

Isentropic efficiency for turbine = 87%

<u>a) Air temperature at turbine exit </u>

we can achieve this by interpolating for enthalpy

h4 = 783.05 kJ/kg ( calculated in the background ) at state 4 using Table A-17  for  Ideal gas properties of air

T4 ( temperature at Turbine exit ) = 760 + ( 780 - 760 ) (\frac{783.05-778.18}{800.13-778.18} ) = 764.45K

<u>b) The net work output </u>

first we determine the actual work input to compressor

Wc = h2 - h1  ( calculated values )

     = 626.57 - 295.17 =  331.4 kJ/kg

next determine the actual work done by Turbine

Wt = h3 - h4  ( calculated values )

     = 1324.93 - 783.05 = 541.88 kJ/kg

finally determine the network output of the cycle

Wnet = Wt - Wc

         = 541.88 - 331.4  = 210.48 kJ/kg

<u>c) determine thermal efficiency </u>

лth = Wnet / qin  ------ ( 1 )

where ; qin = h3 - h2

<em>equation 1 becomes </em>

лth = Wnet / ( h3 - h2 )

      = 210.48 / ( 1324.93 - 626.57 )

      = 0.3014  =  30.14%

6 0
3 years ago
Assume the following LTI system where the input signal is an impulse train (i.e.,x(t)=∑????(t−nT0)[infinity]n=−[infinity].a)Find
Igoryamba

Answer:

See explaination

Explanation:

The Fourier transform of y(t) = x(t - to) is Y(w) = e- jwto X(w) . Therefore the magnitude spectrum of y(t) is given by

|Y(w)| = |X(w)|

The phase spectrum of y(t) is given by

<Y(w) = -wto + <X(w)

please kindly see attachment for the step by step solution of the given problem.

4 0
3 years ago
There is an electric field near the Earth's surface whose magnitude is about 145 V/m . How much energy is stored per cubic meter
weqwewe [10]

Answer:

u_e = 9.3 * 10^-8 J / m^3  ( 2 sig. fig)

Explanation:

Given:

- Electric Field strength near earth's surface E = 145 V / m

- permittivity of free space (electric constant) e_o =  8.854 *10^-12 s^4 A^2 / m^3 kg

Find:

- How much energy is stored per cubic meter in this field?

Solution:

- The solution requires the energy density stored between earth's surface and the source of electric field strength. The formula for charge density is given by:

                                        u_e = 0.5*e_o * E^2

- Plug in the values given:

                                        u_e = 0.5*8.854 *10^-12 *145^2

                                        u_e = 9.30777 * 10^-8  J/m^3

5 0
3 years ago
III. During January, at a location in Alaska winds at −27°C can be observed. However, several meters below ground the temperatur
Naya [18.7K]

Answer:

Not possible.

Explanation:

According to second law of thermodynamics, the maximum efficiency any heat engine could achieve is Carnot Efficiency η defined by:

\eta=1-\frac{T_{cold}}{T_{hot}}

Where

T_{hot} and T_{cold} are temperature (in Kelvin) of heat source and heatsink respectively

In our case (I will be using K = 273+°C) :

\eta=1-\frac{-27+273}{14+273}\\=0.1428

In percentage, this is 14.28% efficiency, which is the <em>maximum</em> theoretical efficiency <em>any</em> heat engine could have while working between -27 and 14 °C temperature. Any claim of more efficient heat engine between these 2 temperature are violates the second law of thermodynamics. Therefore, the claim must be false.

6 0
3 years ago
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