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Margarita [4]
3 years ago
10

The sulfuric acid–catalyzed reaction of isopentyl alcohol with acetic acid to form isopentyl acetate is performed. This reaction

does not proceed to completion. After the reaction is heated under reflux for an hour, the product mixture is washed with aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, and the organic layer is thoroughly dried. A distillation of the organic layer is then performed. Given the boiling points listed below, select the compound that will distill first.
Compound Boiling point, ℃
acetic acid 118
isopentyl acetate 142
isopentyl alcohol 130
sulfuric acid water 290
Chemistry
1 answer:
murzikaleks [220]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

The correct option is acetic acid

Explanation:

Distillation is the process of separating a mixture of substances based on differences in boiling points. During distillation, the compound with the lowest/least boiling point is distilled and collected first and then the one with the next least boiling point and it goes on like that.

From the explanation above, <u>acetic acid has the least boiling point (in the organic layer) with 118°C and thus will distill first</u>. This is then followed by isopentyl alcohol (130°C) and then isopentyl acetate (142°C) and finally sulfuric acid water (290°C).

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What are the formal charges on the sulfur (s), carbon (c), and nitrogen (n) atoms, respectively, in the resonance structure that
sergiy2304 [10]

Answer:

Sulfur: -1

Carbon: 0

Nitrogen: 0

Explanation:

The thiocyanate ion SCN- can have only two resonance structures, which are:

S - C ≡ N <--------> S = C = N

In the first structure, we have one single bond and one triple bond, in this case, the negative charge is located in the sulfur. This is because Sulfur have 6 electrons and those electrons are present in the atom, (see picture below), and counting the electron that is sharing with the Carbon, the total electrons that sulfur has is 7 (It has one more than usual). Carbon and nitrogen are already stable with 0 of formal charge, because carbon can only have 4 electrons which 1 is sharing with sulfur and the other 3 with the nitrogen, and nitrogen have 5 electrons, three sharing with carbon and the other two kept it for itself.

In the second structure, the negative charge of the sulfur is transfered to the nitrogen, meaning that it has 6 electrons the nitrogen (formal charge -1) and carbon and sulfur with 4 and 6 electrons respectively.

Between these two structures, the most stable is the first one basically because Sulfur is a better nucleophile than the Nitrogen, and can form stronger hydrogen bond in acid, giving more stable structure.

7 0
3 years ago
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In a particular genetic cross, the probability of the offspring having a certain trait is Which percentage represents this proba
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3 years ago
What is the volume of 0.80 grams of o2 gas at stp? (5 points) group of answer choices 0.59 liters 0.56 liters 0.50 liters 0.47 l
Vladimir [108]

Answer:

0.56L

Explanation:

This question requires the Ideal Gas Law:  PV=nRT where P is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of the gas, n is the number of moles of the gas, R is the Ideal Gas constant, and T is the Temperature of the gas.

Since all of the answer choices are given in units of Liters, it will be convenient to use a value for R that contains "Liters" in its units:R=0.0821\frac{L\cdot atm}{mol\cdot K}

Since the conditions are stated to be STP, we must remember that STP is Standard Temperature Pressure, which means T=273.15K and P=1atm

Lastly, we must calculate the number of moles of O_2(g) there are.  Given 0.80g of O_2(g), we will need to convert with the molar mass of O_2(g).  Noting that there are 2 oxygen atoms, we find the atomic mass of O from the periodic table (16g/mol) and multiply by 2:  32g\text{ }O_2=1mol\text{ }O_2

Thus, \frac{0.80g \text{ }O_2}{1} \frac{1mol\text{ }O_2}{32g\text{ }O_2}=0.25mol\text{ }O_2=n

Isolating V in the Ideal Gas Law:

PV=nRT

V=\frac{nRT}{P}

...substituting the known values, and simplifying...

V=\frac{(0.025 mol \text{ }O_2)(0.0821\frac{L\cdot atm}{mol \cdot K} )(273.15K)}{(1atm)}

V=0.56L \text{ } O_2

So, 0.80g of O_2(g) would occupy 0.56L at STP.

5 0
2 years ago
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An amino acid is usually more soluble in aqueous solvent at pH extremes than it is at a pH near the isolelectric point of the am
gogolik [260]

Answer:

Option B. At pH extremes, the amino acid molecules mostly carry a net charge, thus increasing their solubility in polar solvent.

C. At very low or very high pH, the amino acid molecules have increased charge, thus form more salt bonds with water solvent molecules.

Explanation:

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