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3 years ago

Which of the following changes will always be true for a spontaneous reaction? (3 points)

1 answer:

3 0

Answer is: - delta G.
The change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG), at constant temperature and pressure, is: ΔG=ΔH−TΔS.
ΔH is the change in enthalpy.
ΔS is change in entropy.
T is temperature of the system.
When ΔG is negative, a reaction (occurs without the addition of external energy) will be spontaneous (exergonic).

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Make the following conversions. Show your calculations.

Natalija [7]

Answer:

1. 500 cm = 5 m

2. 1000 g = 1 kg

3. 455 L = 45, 500 cL

4. 0.865 m = 0.00865 m or 8.65 * 10^-3 n

5. 33.5 cm = 335 mm

6. 0.0198 m = 19800 micrometers

7. 57.65 cg = 5.765 * 10^8 nanograms

8. 1000 L = 1 kl

9. 99 degrees F = 37.222 degrees C

Explanation:

1. One meter = 100 centimeters

500 centimeters/ 100 centimeters = 5 meters

2. One kilogram = 1000 grams.

1000 grams/1000 grams = 1 kilogram

3. One Liter = 100 centiliters

455 liters * 100 centiliters = 45, 500 centiliters

4. One meter = 100 centimeters

0.865 centimeters/100 centimeters = 0.00865 meters

5. One centimeter = 10 millimeters

33.5 centimeters * 10 millimeters = 335 millimeters

6. One meter = 1.0 * 10^6 micrometers

0.0198 meters * 1 * 10^6 micrometers = 19800 micrometers.

7. One centigram = 1.0 * 10^7 nanograms

57.65 centigrams * 1 * 10^7 nanograms = 5.765 * 10^8 nanograms.

8. One kiloliter = 1000 L

1000 L/ 1000 L = 1 kiloliter

9. The formula for finding Celsius is 5/9(f - 32)

So 5/9(99 - 32) = x

5/9(67) = x

x = 335/9 or 37.222 degrees Celsius.

5 0

3 years ago

I'd really appreciate help- this is due in around 8 hours :"D

Fed [463]

Answer:

atomic #= 1

protons equals one
Number of neutrons equals to 0
number of electrons equal to 1
mass number equals to 1

atomic number equals to 1
Protons equals to 1
number of neutrons equals to 0
number of electrons equals to 0 because the plus sign means that it loses an electron
mass number equals to 1

atomic number 17
number of protons 17
number of neutrons 18
number for electrons 18 Because negative sign means It's an anion which means it gains an electron
mass number 35

12
12
12
10 loses 2 its a cation
24

47
47
108-47 = 61
46 loses 1
108

16
16
32-16 =16
18 it gains 2 electrons
32

there u go

7 0

2 years ago

II. Ionic Equations

mario62 [17]

Answer:

Complete ionic: $\begin{aligned}& \rm 2\, Ag^{+}\, (aq) + 2\, {NO_3}^{-} \, (aq) + Ca^{2+}\, (aq) + 2\, Cl^{-}\, (aq) \\ & \rm \to 2\, AgCl\, (s) + Ca^{2+}\, (aq) + 2\, {NO_3}^{-}\, (aq)\end{aligned}$ .

Net ionic: $\begin{aligned}& \rm Ag^{+}\, (aq) + Cl^{-}\, (aq) \to AgCl\, (s)\end{aligned}$ .

Explanation:

Start by identifying species that exist as ions. In general, such species include:

Soluble salts.
Strong acids and strong bases.

All four species in this particular question are salts. However, only three of them are generally soluble in water: $\rm AgNO_3$ , $\rm CaCl_2$ , and $\rm Ca(NO_3)_2$ . These three salts will exist as ions:

Each $\rm AgNO_3\, (aq)$ formula unit will exist as one $\rm Ag^{+}$ ion and one $\rm {NO_3}^{-}$ ion.
Each $\rm CaCl_2$ formula unit will exist as one $\rm Ca^{2+}$ ion and two $\rm Cl^{-}$ ions (note the subscript in the formula $\rm CaCl_2\!$ .)
Each $\rm Ca(NO_3)_2$ formula unit will exist as one $\rm Ca^{2+}$ and two $\rm {NO_3}^{-}$ ions.

On the other hand, $\rm AgCl$ is generally insoluble in water. This salt will not form ions.

Rewrite the original chemical equation to get the corresponding ionic equation. In this question, rewrite $\rm AgNO_3$ , $\rm CaCl_2$ , and $\rm Ca(NO_3)_2$ (three soluble salts) as the corresponding ions.

Pay attention to the coefficient of each species. For example, indeed each $\rm AgNO_3\, (aq)$ formula unit will exist as only one $\rm Ag^{+}$ ion and one $\rm {NO_3}^{-}$ ion. However, because the coefficient of $\rm AgNO_3\, (aq)\!$ in the original equation is two, $\!\rm AgNO_3\, (aq)$ alone should correspond to two $\rm Ag^{+}\!$ ions and two $\rm {NO_3}^{-}\!$ ions.

Do not rewrite the salt $\rm AgCl$ because it is insoluble.

$\begin{aligned}& \rm 2\, Ag^{+}\, (aq) + 2\, {NO_3}^{-} \, (aq) + Ca^{2+}\, (aq) + 2\, Cl^{-}\, (aq) \\ & \rm \to 2\, AgCl\, (s) + Ca^{2+}\, (aq) + 2\, {NO_3}^{-}\, (aq)\end{aligned}$ .

Eliminate ions that are present on both sides of this ionic equation. In this question, such ions include one unit of $\rm Ca^{2+}$ and two units of $\rm {NO_3}^{-}$ . Doing so will give:

$\begin{aligned}& \rm 2\, Ag^{+}\, (aq) + 2\, Cl^{-}\, (aq) \to 2\, AgCl\, (s)\end{aligned}$ .

Simplify the coefficients:

$\begin{aligned}& \rm Ag^{+}\, (aq) + Cl^{-}\, (aq) \to AgCl\, (s)\end{aligned}$ .

7 0

2 years ago

A chemical reaction that removes electrons from an atom is called a(n) ________ reaction.

ch4aika [34]

A chemical reaction that removes electrons from an atom is called "Oxidation".
The term came from late 18th century from French.
When the electrons are removed from an atom it increase its valence.

3 0

3 years ago

PH3, explain why there is a partial positive on hydrogen and partial negative on phosphorus.

Paraphin [41]

Answer:

Phosphorus is more electronegative than hydrogen

Explanation:

Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons towards itself thereby making a molecule to be polar. The Pauling scale is the most commonly used to measure electronegativity. Fluorine (the most electronegative element) is assigned a value of 4.0 on the Pauling's scale, and values range down to caesium and francium which are the least electronegative elements.

Electronegativity increases from left to right across the periodic table (across the period) hence, phosphorus is far more electronegative than hydrogen. Being more electronegative than hydrogen, phosphorus attracts the bonding electron pair of the P-H bond closer to itself than hydrogen. Since the electrons of the bond are closer to phosphorus than hydrogen, the phosphorus atom acquires a partial negative charge while the hydrogen atom acquires a partial positive charge.

3 0

3 years ago